महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-107, verse-11

अज्ञातं धृतराष्ट्रस्य यत्नेन महता ततः ।
सोदरं पातयामास गान्धारी दुःखमूर्च्छिता ॥११॥

11. ajñātaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya yatnena mahatā tataḥ ,
sodaraṁ pātayāmāsa gāndhārī duḥkhamūrcchitā.

11. ajñātaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya yatnena mahatā tataḥ
sodaraṃ pātayāmāsa gāndhārī duḥkhamūrcchitā

11. Then, overwhelmed by grief (duḥkha) and making a great effort, Gandhari expelled the fetus, unknown to Dhritarashtra.

Words meanings summery:

• अज्ञातं (ajñātaṁ) - unknown, unnoticed, not known

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - to Dhritarashtra (dative sense with ajñātaṃ) (of Dhritarashtra, to Dhritarashtra)

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - by effort, with exertion

• महता (mahatā) - great, large, extensive

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

• सोदरं (sodaraṁ) - the fetus (implicitly, her 'sibling' which she sought to expel to quickly birth her own child) (a sibling, one of the same womb)

• पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - she caused to fall, she expelled

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari (proper name)

• दुःखमूर्च्छिता (duḥkhamūrcchitā) - overcome with grief, swooning from sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

अज्ञातं (ajñātaṁ) - unknown, unnoticed, not known

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajñāta

ajñāta - unknown, unaware, ignorant, unnoticed

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a-' + root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: a

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies the implied action of expulsion, meaning 'the act of expulsion was unknown'.

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - to Dhritarashtra (dative sense with ajñātaṃ) (of Dhritarashtra, to Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name, 'he who holds the kingdom')

Bahuvrihi compound: dhṛta (held) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Often used in a dative sense (to/for) with words like 'unknown'.

यत्नेन (yatnena) - by effort, with exertion

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

Root: yat (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, big, important, mighty

Base form of mahān (nominative singular masculine).

Note: Agrees with yatnena.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from pronoun tad.

सोदरं (sodaraṁ) - the fetus (implicitly, her 'sibling' which she sought to expel to quickly birth her own child) (a sibling, one of the same womb)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sodara

sodara - of the same womb, sibling (brother or sister)

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + udara (womb).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+udara)

• sa – with, together with, possessing
  indeclinable
• udara – womb, belly
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of pātayāmāsa.

पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - she caused to fall, she expelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pātayāmāsa

Perfect tense

Periphrastic perfect of causative of root pat (to fall) -> pātayāṃ cakāra/asa.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to Gandhari.

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (princess of Gandhara, wife of Dhritarashtra)

Female patronymic from Gandhara.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दुःखमूर्च्छिता (duḥkhamūrcchitā) - overcome with grief, swooning from sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhamūrcchita

duḥkhamūrcchita - overcome by sorrow, swooning from distress

Tatpurusha compound: duḥkha (sorrow) + mūrcchita (swooned/fainted). Mūrcchita is a PPP of mūrcch (to faint).

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+mūrcchita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, distress, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)
• mūrcchita – fainted, swooned, overcome, insensible
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mūrcch (to faint, to be bewildered)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Gāndhārī.