योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-2, verse-36

जीवतां तस्य संत्यागः कथं नामोपपद्यते ।
केवलं कर्मशब्दार्थभावनाभावने सति ॥ ३६ ॥

jīvatāṃ tasya saṃtyāgaḥ kathaṃ nāmopapadyate ,
kevalaṃ karmaśabdārthabhāvanābhāvane sati 36

36. jīvatām tasya santyāgaḥ katham nāma upapadyate |
kevalam karma-śabda-artha-bhāvanā-abhāvane sati ||

36. jīvatām tasya santyāgaḥ katham nāma upapadyate ? kevalam
karma-śabda-artha-bhāvanā-abhāvane sati (evam upapadyate)

36. For those who are living, how can the complete abandonment of that (mind, citta) ever be possible? It is only when there is both the contemplation of the true meaning of the word 'action' (karma) and a non-cultivation (of attachment to its fruits or other mental constructs).

Words meanings summery:

• जीवताम् (jīvatām) - of those who are living, of living beings

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, its

• सन्त्यागः (santyāgaḥ) - complete abandonment, perfect renunciation

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, a particle emphasizing a question or statement

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is possible, occurs, is suitable, results

• केवलम् (kevalam) - only, merely, exclusively

• कर्म-शब्द-अर्थ-भावना-अभावने (karma-śabda-artha-bhāvanā-abhāvane) - Refers to the state where the meaning of 'karma' is contemplated, and simultaneously, other mental constructions or attachments (like fruits of action) are not cultivated. (in the contemplation and non-contemplation of the meaning of the word 'karma')

• सति (sati) - being, existing, when there is

Words meanings and morphology

जीवताम् (jīvatām) - of those who are living, of living beings

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root 'jīv'

Root: jīv (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of that, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to 'citta' from the previous verse.

सन्त्यागः (santyāgaḥ) - complete abandonment, perfect renunciation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of santyāga

santyāga - complete abandonment, perfect renunciation

Derived from root 'tyaj' with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, a particle emphasizing a question or statement

(indeclinable)

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is possible, occurs, is suitable, results

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of upapad

From root 'pad' with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

केवलम् (kevalam) - only, merely, exclusively

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

कर्म-शब्द-अर्थ-भावना-अभावने (karma-śabda-artha-bhāvanā-abhāvane) - Refers to the state where the meaning of 'karma' is contemplated, and simultaneously, other mental constructions or attachments (like fruits of action) are not cultivated. (in the contemplation and non-contemplation of the meaning of the word 'karma')

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of karma-śabda-artha-bhāvanā-abhāvana

karma-śabda-artha-bhāvanā-abhāvana - contemplation of the meaning of the word 'karma' and its non-cultivation (of other aspects/fruits)

Compound type : dvandva (of bhāvanā and abhāvana) within a tatpuruṣa (karma+śabda+artha+bhāvanā+abhāvana)

• karma – action, deed, ritual, result of action
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• śabda – word, sound, speech
  noun (masculine)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• bhāvanā – contemplation, meditation, cultivation, notion
  noun (feminine)
  From causative of root 'bhū'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhāvana – non-contemplation, absence of cultivation, non-existence, negation
  noun (neuter)
  Negation of 'bhāvana'
  Prefix: a-
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Dual locative: 'in (the state of) bhāvanā and abhāvana'.

सति (sati) - being, existing, when there is

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, real, good

Present Active Participle

Locative singular of the present participle of root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction: 'when there is...'