योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-181, verse-9

तत्र स प्रकृतं मार्ग परित्यज्य वनान्तरम् ।
प्रविशन्समुवाचेदमकार्यकरणं वचः ॥ ९ ॥

tatra sa prakṛtaṃ mārga parityajya vanāntaram ,
praviśansamuvācedamakāryakaraṇaṃ vacaḥ 9

9. tatra sa prakṛtam mārgam parityajya vanāntaram
praviśan samuvāca idam akāryakaraṇam vacaḥ

9. tatra sa prakṛtam mārgam parityajya vanāntaram
praviśan idam akāryakaraṇam vacaḥ samuvāca

9. There, abandoning the usual path and entering another part of the forest, he spoke these words, which constituted an improper act.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• स (sa) - he, that (person)

• प्रकृतम् (prakṛtam) - the usual (path) (the usual, the natural, the previous)

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having left

• वनान्तरम् (vanāntaram) - another part of the forest (another forest, interior of the forest)

• प्रविशन् (praviśan) - entering

• समुवाच (samuvāca) - he said, he spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अकार्यकरणम् (akāryakaraṇam) - an improper act, a thing that should not be done

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

स (sa) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'samuvāca'.

प्रकृतम् (prakṛtam) - the usual (path) (the usual, the natural, the previous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prakṛta

prakṛta - done, performed, natural, original, existing, usual, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'mārgam'.

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, track

From root mṛg (to hunt, seek), referring to a path taken.

Root: mṛg (class 2)

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon) with prefix pari and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

वनान्तरम् (vanāntaram) - another part of the forest (another forest, interior of the forest)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vanāntara

vanāntara - another forest, inner forest, interior of the forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+antara)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• antara – interior, middle, interval, another, other
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'praviśan'.

प्रविशन् (praviśan) - entering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviśat

praviśat - entering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the subject 'sa'.

समुवाच (samuvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'sam'. Irregular perfect formation with 'uvāc'.

Prefix: sam

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (thing)

Demonstrative pronoun.

अकार्यकरणम् (akāryakaraṇam) - an improper act, a thing that should not be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akāryakaraṇa

akāryakaraṇa - improper act, wrong action, something that should not be done

Compound of 'a' (negation), 'kārya' (to be done), and 'karaṇa' (doing, act).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya+karaṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kārya – to be done, duty, action, business
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ya (or -ṇya).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• karaṇa – doing, making, instrument, cause
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Appositive to 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement, utterance

Noun from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'samuvāca'.

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