योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-181, verse-7

नीतवन्तौ निशामावां कदलीकानने घने ।
तुषारशिशिरे श्रान्तौ कदलीदलतल्पके ॥ ७ ॥

nītavantau niśāmāvāṃ kadalīkānane ghane ,
tuṣāraśiśire śrāntau kadalīdalatalpake 7

7. nītavantau niśām āvām kadalīkānane ghane
tuṣāraśiśire śrāntau kadalīdalatalpake

7. āvām śrāntau tuṣāraśiśire ghane kadalīkānane
kadalīdalatalpake niśām nītavantau

7. We two, tired and chilled by the frost, spent the night in a dense banana grove, on a bed made of banana leaves.

Words meanings summery:

• नीतवन्तौ (nītavantau) - spent (the night) (having led, having passed, spent)

• निशाम् (niśām) - night

• आवाम् (āvām) - we two

• कदलीकानने (kadalīkānane) - in the banana grove

• घने (ghane) - dense, thick

• तुषारशिशिरे (tuṣāraśiśire) - in the frosty cold

• श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - tired, weary

• कदलीदलतल्पके (kadalīdalatalpake) - on a bed of banana leaves

Words meanings and morphology

नीतवन्तौ (nītavantau) - spent (the night) (having led, having passed, spent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nītavat

nītavat - having led, having carried, spent (time)

Past Active Participle

Derived from root nī (to lead, carry) with suffix -tavat.

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate, agreeing with the subject 'āvām'.

निशाम् (niśām) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

Note: Object of 'nītavantau' (spent the night).

आवाम् (āvām) - we two

(pronoun)

Nominative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कदलीकानने (kadalīkānane) - in the banana grove

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kadalīkānana

kadalīkānana - banana grove

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kadalī+kānana)

• kadalī – banana plant
  noun (feminine)
• kānana – grove, forest
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where the night was spent.

घने (ghane) - dense, thick

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ghana

ghana - dense, thick, solid, compact

Note: Agrees with 'kadalīkānane'.

तुषारशिशिरे (tuṣāraśiśire) - in the frosty cold

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tuṣāraśiśira

tuṣāraśiśira - frosty cold, cold with frost

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tuṣāra+śiśira)

• tuṣāra – frost, ice, mist
  noun (masculine)
• śiśira – cold, cool; winter
  adjective

Note: Describes the environmental condition, agreeing with the implied 'time' or 'place' (like 'kānane').

श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - tired, weary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted, rested

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śram (to be weary, to exert oneself) with suffix -ta.

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'āvām', describing the state of the subjects.

कदलीदलतल्पके (kadalīdalatalpake) - on a bed of banana leaves

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kadalīdalatalpaka

kadalīdalatalpaka - bed made of banana leaves

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kadalī+dala+talpaka)

• kadalī – banana plant
  noun (feminine)
• dala – leaf, petal
  noun (neuter)
• talpaka – bed, couch, mattress
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location where they were resting.