योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-181, verse-20

हा कष्टं किमिदं जातमिति तस्मिन्वदत्यथ ।
आवाभ्यां सुचिरं भ्रान्त्वा दृष्ट एकत्र वृक्षकः ॥ २० ॥

hā kaṣṭaṃ kimidaṃ jātamiti tasminvadatyatha ,
āvābhyāṃ suciraṃ bhrāntvā dṛṣṭa ekatra vṛkṣakaḥ 20

20. hā kaṣṭam kim idam jātam iti tasmin vadati atha
āvābhyām suciram bhrāntvā dṛṣṭaḥ ekatra vṛkṣakaḥ

20. tasmin hā kaṣṭam idam kim jātam iti vadati atha
āvābhyām suciram bhrāntvā ekatra vṛkṣakaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ

20. "Alas, what a misfortune, what is this that has befallen us?" As he was speaking thus, after the two of us had wandered for a very long time, we finally spotted a single small tree.

Words meanings summery:

• हा (hā) - alas, oh, ah

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, suffering, difficulty, misfortune

• किम् (kim) - what?

• इदम् (idam) - this

• जातम् (jātam) - happened, occurred, born

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quote marker

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him, when he

• वदति (vadati) - speaks, says

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• आवाभ्याम् (āvābhyām) - by us two, by both of us

• सुचिरम् (suciram) - for a very long time

• भ्रान्त्वा (bhrāntvā) - having wandered, having roamed

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed

• एकत्र (ekatra) - in one place, together

• वृक्षकः (vṛkṣakaḥ) - a small tree, a tree

Words meanings and morphology

हा (hā) - alas, oh, ah

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, suffering, difficulty, misfortune

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficulty, pain, misery, evil, misfortune

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

जातम् (jātam) - happened, occurred, born

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened, become

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √jan (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quote marker

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him, when he

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'vadati'.

वदति (vadati) - speaks, says

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'tasmin'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

आवाभ्याम् (āvābhyām) - by us two, by both of us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'dṛṣṭaḥ'.

सुचिरम् (suciram) - for a very long time

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sucira

sucira - very long, lasting a long time

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+cira)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• cira – long, lasting a long time, ancient
  adjective (neuter)

भ्रान्त्वा (bhrāntvā) - having wandered, having roamed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √bhram (to wander, roam).

Root: bhram (class 1)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, looked at, visible

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛkṣakaḥ'.

एकत्र (ekatra) - in one place, together

(indeclinable)

वृक्षकः (vṛkṣakaḥ) - a small tree, a tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣaka

vṛkṣaka - small tree, shrub, tree (diminutive of vṛkṣa)

Formed with the diminutive suffix -ka from vṛkṣa.