योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-22, verse-38

किं तेन दुर्जीवितदुर्ग्रहेण जरागतेनापि हि जीव्यते यत् ।
जराजगत्यामजिता जनानां सर्वैषणास्तात तिरस्करोति ॥ ३८ ॥

kiṃ tena durjīvitadurgraheṇa jarāgatenāpi hi jīvyate yat ,
jarājagatyāmajitā janānāṃ sarvaiṣaṇāstāta tiraskaroti 38

38. kim tena durjīvitadurgraheṇa jarāgatena api hi jīvyate yat |
jarā jagatyām ajitā janānām sarvaiṣaṇāḥ tāta tiraskaroti ||

38. tāta yat durjīvitadurgraheṇa jarāgatena api hi jīvyate tena kim? jagatyām ajitā jarā janānām sarvaiṣaṇāḥ tiraskaroti.

38. What is the purpose of that wretchedly lived and stubbornly held-on-to life, by which one continues to exist even after old age has set in? For, O dear one, old age, when unconquered (ajitā) in this world, suppresses all the desires of people.

38. מה הטעם להיאחז בחיים האומללים הללו ולהמשיך לחיות גם כשמגיעה הזקנה? הרי הזקנה, שלא נוצחה מעולם בעולם הזה, מעלימה את כל רצונותיהם של בני האדם.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, what for?

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• दुर्जीवितदुर्ग्रहेण (durjīvitadurgraheṇa) - by the wretchedly lived and stubbornly clung-to (life)

• जरागतेन (jarāgatena) - by that which has reached old age; by one who has attained old age

• अपि (api) - even, also

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• जीव्यते (jīvyate) - is lived

• यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

• जरा (jarā) - old age, decay

• जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - in the world

• अजिता (ajitā) - unconquered, unvanquished, unavoidable

• जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, of humans

• सर्वैषणाः (sarvaiṣaṇāḥ) - all desires

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son, dear father (used affectionately)

• तिरस्करोति (tiraskaroti) - disregards, suppresses, covers, eclipses

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, what for?

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: masculine/neuter instrumental singular of tad

दुर्जीवितदुर्ग्रहेण (durjīvitadurgraheṇa) - by the wretchedly lived and stubbornly clung-to (life)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of durjīvitadurgraha

durjīvitadurgraha - wretched life and obstinate clinging; badly lived and obstinate attachment

Compound type : tatpurusha (durjīvita+durgraha)

• durjīvita – ill-lived, wretched life
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  derived from `dur-` (bad) + `√jīv` (to live) + `kta` suffix
  Prefix: dur
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• durgraha – obstinate clinging, stubbornness, difficult to seize
  noun (masculine)
  derived from `dur-` (difficult) + `graha` (grasp, seizing)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Instrumental singular agreeing with 'tena'.

जरागतेन (jarāgatena) - by that which has reached old age; by one who has attained old age

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jarāgata

jarāgata - reached by old age, affected by old age

past passive participle

formed from `jarā` (old age) + `gata` (gone, reached)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jarā+gata)

• jarā – old age, decay
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, reached, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from `√gam` (to go), suffix `kta`
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective in instrumental singular, agreeing with 'tena'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

जीव्यते (jīvyate) - is lived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice, ātmanepada form of √jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada form for passive voice

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that

जरा (jarā) - old age, decay

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay

Root: jṝ (class 4)

Note: Subject of tiraskaroti

जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jagatī

jagatī - the world, earth

अजिता (ajitā) - unconquered, unvanquished, unavoidable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ajita

ajita - unconquered, unsubdued

past passive participle

formed from `a-` (not) + `jita` (conquered), from `√ji` (to conquer)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `jarā`

जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, of humans

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

सर्वैषणाः (sarvaiṣaṇāḥ) - all desires

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarvaiṣaṇā

sarvaiṣaṇā - all desires

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+eṣaṇā)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• eṣaṇā – desire, wish
  noun (feminine)
  from `√eṣ` (to seek, desire), suffix `anā`
  Root: eṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of tiraskaroti

तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son, dear father (used affectionately)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one

तिरस्करोति (tiraskaroti) - disregards, suppresses, covers, eclipses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tiraskṛ

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of `tiras-√kṛ`

Prefix: tiras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

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