योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-22, verse-38

किं तेन दुर्जीवितदुर्ग्रहेण जरागतेनापि हि जीव्यते यत् ।
जराजगत्यामजिता जनानां सर्वैषणास्तात तिरस्करोति ॥ ३८ ॥

kiṃ tena durjīvitadurgraheṇa jarāgatenāpi hi jīvyate yat ,
jarājagatyāmajitā janānāṃ sarvaiṣaṇāstāta tiraskaroti 38

38. kim tena durjīvitadurgraheṇa jarāgatena api hi jīvyate yat |
jarā jagatyām ajitā janānām sarvaiṣaṇāḥ tāta tiraskaroti ||

38. tāta yat durjīvitadurgraheṇa jarāgatena api hi jīvyate tena kim? jagatyām ajitā jarā janānām sarvaiṣaṇāḥ tiraskaroti.

38. What is the purpose of that wretchedly lived and stubbornly held-on-to life, by which one continues to exist even after old age has set in? For, O dear one, old age, when unconquered (ajitā) in this world, suppresses all the desires of people.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, what for?

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• दुर्जीवितदुर्ग्रहेण (durjīvitadurgraheṇa) - by the wretchedly lived and stubbornly clung-to (life)

• जरागतेन (jarāgatena) - by that which has reached old age; by one who has attained old age

• अपि (api) - even, also

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• जीव्यते (jīvyate) - is lived

• यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

• जरा (jarā) - old age, decay

• जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - in the world

• अजिता (ajitā) - unconquered, unvanquished, unavoidable

• जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, of humans

• सर्वैषणाः (sarvaiṣaṇāḥ) - all desires

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son, dear father (used affectionately)

• तिरस्करोति (tiraskaroti) - disregards, suppresses, covers, eclipses

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, what for?

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: masculine/neuter instrumental singular of tad

दुर्जीवितदुर्ग्रहेण (durjīvitadurgraheṇa) - by the wretchedly lived and stubbornly clung-to (life)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of durjīvitadurgraha

durjīvitadurgraha - wretched life and obstinate clinging; badly lived and obstinate attachment

Compound type : tatpurusha (durjīvita+durgraha)

• durjīvita – ill-lived, wretched life
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  derived from `dur-` (bad) + `√jīv` (to live) + `kta` suffix
  Prefix: dur
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• durgraha – obstinate clinging, stubbornness, difficult to seize
  noun (masculine)
  derived from `dur-` (difficult) + `graha` (grasp, seizing)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Instrumental singular agreeing with 'tena'.

जरागतेन (jarāgatena) - by that which has reached old age; by one who has attained old age

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jarāgata

jarāgata - reached by old age, affected by old age

past passive participle

formed from `jarā` (old age) + `gata` (gone, reached)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jarā+gata)

• jarā – old age, decay
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, reached, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from `√gam` (to go), suffix `kta`
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective in instrumental singular, agreeing with 'tena'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

जीव्यते (jīvyate) - is lived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice, ātmanepada form of √jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada form for passive voice

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that

जरा (jarā) - old age, decay

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay

Root: jṝ (class 4)

Note: Subject of tiraskaroti

जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jagatī

jagatī - the world, earth

अजिता (ajitā) - unconquered, unvanquished, unavoidable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ajita

ajita - unconquered, unsubdued

past passive participle

formed from `a-` (not) + `jita` (conquered), from `√ji` (to conquer)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `jarā`

जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, of humans

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

सर्वैषणाः (sarvaiṣaṇāḥ) - all desires

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarvaiṣaṇā

sarvaiṣaṇā - all desires

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+eṣaṇā)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• eṣaṇā – desire, wish
  noun (feminine)
  from `√eṣ` (to seek, desire), suffix `anā`
  Root: eṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of tiraskaroti

तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son, dear father (used affectionately)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one

तिरस्करोति (tiraskaroti) - disregards, suppresses, covers, eclipses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tiraskṛ

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of `tiras-√kṛ`

Prefix: tiras

Root: kṛ (class 8)