योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-22, verse-30

मरणस्य मुने राज्ञो जराधवलचामरा ।
आगच्छतोऽग्रे निर्याति स्वाधिव्याधिपताकिनी ॥ ३० ॥

maraṇasya mune rājño jarādhavalacāmarā ,
āgacchato'gre niryāti svādhivyādhipatākinī 30

30. maraṇasya mune rājñaḥ jarādhavalacāmarā
āgacchataḥ agre niryāti svādhivyādhipatākinī

30. mune maraṇasya rājñaḥ āgacchataḥ agre
jarādhavalacāmarā svādhivyādhipatākinī niryāti

30. Oh sage, when the king of death approaches, old age (jarā), bearing white fly-whisks (like white hair), advances before him, accompanied by his army carrying the banners of mental anguish (ādhi) and physical diseases (vyādhi).

Words meanings summery:

• मरणस्य (maraṇasya) - of death, of dying

• मुने (mune) - O sage, O ascetic

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, of a ruler

• जराधवलचामरा (jarādhavalacāmarā) - Old age (jarā) personified, described as having white fly-whisks, which metaphorically represent white hair. (old age with white fly-whisks, old age having white fly-whisks)

• आगच्छतः (āgacchataḥ) - Of the king (of death) who is approaching. (of him who is coming, of him who is approaching)

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, before, ahead

• निर्याति (niryāti) - goes out, comes forth, advances

• स्वाधिव्याधिपताकिनी (svādhivyādhipatākinī) - The army accompanying old age, whose banners represent mental anguish (ādhi) and physical diseases (vyādhi). (his own army with banners of mental anguish and disease)

Words meanings and morphology

मरणस्य (maraṇasya) - of death, of dying

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, the act of dying

Action noun

From root mṛ (to die) + suffix ana

Root: mṛ (class 6)

मुने (mune) - O sage, O ascetic

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, of a ruler

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

जराधवलचामरा (jarādhavalacāmarā) - Old age (jarā) personified, described as having white fly-whisks, which metaphorically represent white hair. (old age with white fly-whisks, old age having white fly-whisks)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarādhavalacāmarā

jarādhavalacāmarā - old age with white fly-whisks

Bahuvrīhi compound, describing an entity (jarā) by its attributes.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jarā+dhavala+cāmara)

• jarā – old age, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  From root jṛ (to waste away)
  Root: jṛ (class 1)
• dhavala – white, pure, clean
  adjective
• cāmara – fly-whisk, yak-tail fan (a regal emblem)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to jarā (old age) which is personified as the king's companion.

आगच्छतः (āgacchataḥ) - Of the king (of death) who is approaching. (of him who is coming, of him who is approaching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āgacchat

āgacchat - coming, approaching, arriving

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go) with upasarga ā (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rājñaḥ (of the king).

अग्रे (agre) - in front, before, ahead

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of agra (front, tip) used adverbially.

निर्याति (niryāti) - goes out, comes forth, advances

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niryāti

Present tense, 3rd person singular

From root yā (to go) with upasarga nir (out)

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

स्वाधिव्याधिपताकिनी (svādhivyādhipatākinī) - The army accompanying old age, whose banners represent mental anguish (ādhi) and physical diseases (vyādhi). (his own army with banners of mental anguish and disease)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svādhivyādhipatākinī

svādhivyādhipatākinī - an army (patākinī) with banners (patākā) of its own (sva) mental anguish (ādhi) and diseases (vyādhi)

Bahuvrīhi compound: sva + (ādhi-vyādhi dvandva) + patākinī.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+ādhi+vyādhi+patākinī)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• ādhi – mental anguish, anxiety, distress
  noun (masculine)
• vyādhi – disease, sickness, ailment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vyadh (class 1)
• patākinī – an army, one who has a banner
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from patākā (banner) with suffix -inī

Note: Personified as an army.