वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-9, verse-29

कुम्भकर्णः प्रमत्तस्तु महर्षीन्धर्मसंश्रितान् ।
त्रैलोक्यं त्रासयन्दुष्टो भक्षयन् विचचार ह ॥२९॥

29. kumbhakarṇaḥ pramattastu maharṣīndharmasaṃśritān ,
trailokyaṃ trāsayanduṣṭo bhakṣayan vicacāra ha.

29. kumbhakarṇaḥ pramattaḥ tu maharṣīn dharmasaṃśritān
trailokyam trāsayat duṣṭaḥ bhakṣayan vicacāra ha

29. pramattaḥ duṣṭaḥ kumbhakarṇaḥ tu dharmasaṃśritān
maharṣīn trailokyam trāsayat bhakṣayan ha vicacāra

29. But Kumbhakarna, reckless and wicked, wandered about, terrifying the great sages who adhered to (dharma), frightening all three worlds, and devouring beings.

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - reckless (due to arrogance or madness) (intoxicated, reckless, careless, mad)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - great sages

• धर्मसंश्रितान् (dharmasaṁśritān) - who adhered to (dharma) (devoted to (dharma), relying on (dharma))

• त्रैलोक्यम् (trailokyam) - all three worlds (heaven, earth, and lower regions) (the three worlds)

• त्रासयत् (trāsayat) - frightening, terrifying

• दुष्टः (duṣṭaḥ) - wicked, evil, corrupted

• भक्षयन् (bhakṣayan) - devouring beings (people, animals) (devouring, eating)

• विचचार (vicacāra) - he wandered, roamed

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily, a particle denoting emphasis or a past event

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of a Rākṣasa, brother of Rāvaṇa, literally 'pot-eared')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - reckless (due to arrogance or madness) (intoxicated, reckless, careless, mad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - intoxicated, careless, reckless, mad, negligent

Past Passive Participle

From pra- (forth) + mad (to be mad, intoxicated)

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying Kumbhakarna.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - great sages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛṣ (to go, to move) or dṛś (to see)
  Root: ṛṣ/dṛś

Note: Object of 'trāsayat' (terrifying).

धर्मसंश्रितान् (dharmasaṁśritān) - who adhered to (dharma) (devoted to (dharma), relying on (dharma))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharmasaṃśrita

dharmasaṁśrita - devoted to dharma, adhering to righteousness, relying on natural law

Past Passive Participle

From dharma (dharma) + sam- (together, completely) + śrita (resorted to, dependent on)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+sam+śrita)

• dharma – righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• sam – together, completely, well
  indeclinable
  prefix
• śrita – resorted to, dependent on, joined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śri (to resort to, lean on)
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'maharṣīn'.

त्रैलोक्यम् (trailokyam) - all three worlds (heaven, earth, and lower regions) (the three worlds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trailokya

trailokya - the three worlds (heaven, earth, and lower regions)

From tri- (three) + loka (world)

Compound type : dvigu (tri+loka)

• tri – three
  numeral
• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
  From root lok (to see)
  Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Object of 'trāsayat'.

त्रासयत् (trāsayat) - frightening, terrifying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trāsayat

trāsayat - frightening, terrifying, causing fear

present active participle (causative)

From root tras- (to tremble) + causative suffix -aya + present participle suffix -at

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Present participle modifying Kumbhakarna.

दुष्टः (duṣṭaḥ) - wicked, evil, corrupted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭa

duṣṭa - wicked, evil, corrupted, spoiled

Past Passive Participle

From root duṣ- (to be spoiled, corrupted)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying Kumbhakarna.

भक्षयन् (bhakṣayan) - devouring beings (people, animals) (devouring, eating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhakṣayat

bhakṣayat - eating, devouring, consuming

present active participle (causative/denominative)

From root bhakṣ- (to eat, desiderative of bhaj, or denominative of bhakṣa)

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Present participle modifying Kumbhakarna.

विचचार (vicacāra) - he wandered, roamed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of car

perfect active

From root car- (to move, class 1 Parasmaipada), with prefix vi- (apart, asunder)

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Formed with prefix `vi`.

ह (ha) - indeed, verily, a particle denoting emphasis or a past event

(indeclinable)