वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-9, verse-28

ते तु तत्र महारण्ये ववृधुः सुमहौजसः ।
तेषां क्रूरो दशग्रीवो लोकोद्वेगकरो ऽभवत् ॥२८॥

28. te tu tatra mahāraṇye vavṛdhuḥ sumahaujasaḥ ,
teṣāṃ krūro daśagrīvo lokodvegakaro'bhavat.

28. te tu tatra mahāraṇye vavṛdhuḥ sumahaujasaḥ
teṣām krūraḥ daśagrīvaḥ lokodvegakaraḥ abhavat

28. te sumahaujasaḥ tu tatra mahāraṇye vavṛdhuḥ
teṣām krūraḥ daśagrīvaḥ lokodvegakaraḥ abhavat

28. They, possessing immense might, grew up there in that great forest. Among them, the cruel Dashagriva became a cause of great distress to all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (Rāvaṇa, Kumbhakarna, Shurpanakha, and Vibhishana) (they, those (masculine plural))

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the great forest

• ववृधुः (vavṛdhuḥ) - they grew, they prospered

• सुमहौजसः (sumahaujasaḥ) - possessing immense might (of very great might, greatly powerful)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (the siblings) (of them, among them)

• क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel, fierce, dreadful

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Dashagriva (Rāvaṇa)

• लोकोद्वेगकरः (lokodvegakaraḥ) - a cause of great distress to all beings (causing distress to the worlds, troubling people)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (Rāvaṇa, Kumbhakarna, Shurpanakha, and Vibhishana) (they, those (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Subject of the first clause.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -tra (suffix for place)

महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāraṇya

mahāraṇya - great forest, dense jungle

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+araṇya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Locative case indicating place.

ववृधुः (vavṛdhuḥ) - they grew, they prospered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vṛdh

perfect active

From root vṛdh- (to grow, class 1 Parasmaipada)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सुमहौजसः (sumahaujasaḥ) - possessing immense might (of very great might, greatly powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sumahojas

sumahojas - possessing very great might/splendor

From su- (good, very) + mahā- (great) + ojas (might, vigor)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahā+ojas)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• ojas – might, vigor, power, splendor
  noun (neuter)
  From root vaj (to be strong) + as-suffix
  Root: vaj

Note: Adjective modifying 'te'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (the siblings) (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Partitive genitive, 'among them'.

क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel, fierce, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful, bloody

From root krū (to hurt) + ra-suffix

Root: krū

Note: Adjective modifying Dashagriva.

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Dashagriva (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - Dashagriva (name of Rāvaṇa, literally 'ten-necked')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṛ

Note: Subject of the second sentence.

लोकोद्वेगकरः (lokodvegakaraḥ) - a cause of great distress to all beings (causing distress to the worlds, troubling people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokodvegakara

lokodvegakara - causing distress to the worlds, a disturber of people

From loka (world, people) + udvega (agitation, distress) + kara (making, causing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+udvega+kara)

• loka – world, people, community
  noun (masculine)
  From root lok (to see)
  Root: lok (class 10)
• udvega – agitation, distress, anxiety
  noun (masculine)
  From ud- (up, out) + root vij (to tremble)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• kara – making, causing, doer, hand
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for Dashagriva.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect active

From root bhū- (to be, class 1 Parasmaipada)

Root: bhū (class 1)