वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-57, verse-15

निरीक्षमाणं तं दृष्ट्वा सहायस्तस्य रक्षसः ।
संतापमकरोद्घोरं सौदासं चेदमब्रवीत् ॥१५॥

15. nirīkṣamāṇaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā sahāyastasya rakṣasaḥ ,
saṃtāpamakarodghoraṃ saudāsaṃ cedamabravīt.

15. nirīkṣamāṇam tam dṛṣṭvā sahāyaḥ tasya rakṣasaḥ
saṃtāpam akarot ghoram saudāsam ca idam abravīt

15. tasya rakṣasaḥ sahāyaḥ tam nirīkṣamāṇam dṛṣṭvā,
ghoram saṃtāpam akarot ca idam saudāsam abravīt

15. Having seen him (Saudāsa) looking on, the companion of that rākṣasa caused terrible distress and spoke these words to Saudāsa.

Words meanings summery:

• निरीक्षमाणम् (nirīkṣamāṇam) - him (Saudāsa) who was looking on (looking on, observing, seeing)

• तम् (tam) - him (Saudāsa) (him, that one)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सहायः (sahāyaḥ) - the companion of the slain rākṣasa (companion, assistant, ally)

• तस्य (tasya) - of the slain rākṣasa (of that, his)

• रक्षसः (rakṣasaḥ) - of the deceased rākṣasa (of the rākṣasa, of the demon)

• संतापम् (saṁtāpam) - terrible distress (distress, affliction, intense heat)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he caused, he made

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce, intense

• सौदासम् (saudāsam) - to Saudāsa

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• इदम् (idam) - these words (which follow) (this, these (words))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

निरीक्षमाणम् (nirīkṣamāṇam) - him (Saudāsa) who was looking on (looking on, observing, seeing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirīkṣamāṇa

nirīkṣamāṇa - looking on, observing, seeing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root √īkṣ (to see) with upasarga nir-, in present participle form.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Saudāsa).

तम् (tam) - him (Saudāsa) (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Saudāsa, object of the gerund 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Formed from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सहायः (sahāyaḥ) - the companion of the slain rākṣasa (companion, assistant, ally)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahāya

sahāya - companion, assistant, ally

From sa- (with) and √i (to go), literally 'going with'.

Prefix: sa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'akarot' and 'abravīt'.

तस्य (tasya) - of the slain rākṣasa (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the deceased rākṣasa.

रक्षसः (rakṣasaḥ) - of the deceased rākṣasa (of the rākṣasa, of the demon)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - rākṣasa, demon, evil spirit

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Possessive case, meaning 'of the rākṣasa'.

संतापम् (saṁtāpam) - terrible distress (distress, affliction, intense heat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpa

saṁtāpa - distress, affliction, intense heat, suffering

From root √tap (to heat, torment) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'akarot'.

अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he caused, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

From root √kṛ (class 8).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce, intense

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, formidable, intense

Note: Modifies 'saṃtāpam'.

सौदासम् (saudāsam) - to Saudāsa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saudāsa

saudāsa - son of Sudāsa, King Saudāsa

Patronymic derived from Sudāsa.

Note: Recipient of speech, object of 'abravīt'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'saṃtāpam akarot' and 'idam abravīt'.

इदम् (idam) - these words (which follow) (this, these (words))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the following speech.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

From root √brū.

Root: brū (class 2)