वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-81, verse-23

न ते ददृशिरे रामं दहन्तमरिवाहिनीम् ।
मोहिताः परमास्त्रेण गान्धर्वेण महात्मना ॥२३॥

23. na te dadṛśire rāmaṃ dahantamarivāhinīm ,
mohitāḥ paramāstreṇa gāndharveṇa mahātmanā.

23. na te dadṛśire rāmam dahantam arivāhinīm
mohitāḥ parama-astreṇa gāndharveṇa mahātmanā

23. te mohitāḥ mahātmanā gāndharveṇa parama-astreṇa
arivāhinīm dahantam rāmam na dadṛśire

23. They, bewildered by the supreme missile, the Gāndharva, wielded by the great-souled one, did not see Rāma burning the enemy army.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• ते (te) - the Rākṣasas (demons) (they, them)

• ददृशिरे (dadṛśire) - they saw

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• दहन्तम् (dahantam) - Rāma burning (burning, consuming, scorching)

• अरिवाहिनीम् (arivāhinīm) - enemy army

• मोहिताः (mohitāḥ) - the Rākṣasas were bewildered (bewildered, deluded, enchanted)

• परम-अस्त्रेण (parama-astreṇa) - by the supreme missile

• गान्धर्वेण (gāndharveṇa) - by the Gāndharva missile (an astra) (by the Gāndharva (missile))

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Rāma (by the great-souled one, by the noble-minded)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - the Rākṣasas (demons) (they, them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Rākṣasas implicitly.

ददृशिरे (dadṛśire) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd plural

Root dṛś (class 1, P), reduplicated perfect

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity and epic hero)

Note: Object of 'did not see'.

दहन्तम् (dahantam) - Rāma burning (burning, consuming, scorching)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dahat

dahat - burning, scorching

Present Active Participle

Root dah (class 1, P) + śatṛ pratyaya

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

अरिवाहिनीम् (arivāhinīm) - enemy army

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of arivāhinī

arivāhinī - enemy army, host of foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+vāhinī)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• vāhinī – army, host
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dahantam'.

मोहिताः (mohitāḥ) - the Rākṣasas were bewildered (bewildered, deluded, enchanted)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mohita

mohita - bewildered, deluded, enchanted

Past Passive Participle

Root muh (class 4, P) + kta pratyaya

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Refers to 'te' (the Rākṣasas).

परम-अस्त्रेण (parama-astreṇa) - by the supreme missile

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of paramāstra

paramāstra - supreme weapon, ultimate missile

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+astra)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Cause of bewilderment.

गान्धर्वेण (gāndharveṇa) - by the Gāndharva missile (an astra) (by the Gāndharva (missile))

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gāndharva

gāndharva - relating to the Gandharvas; a type of missile; celestial music

Note: Qualifies 'paramāstreṇa'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Rāma (by the great-souled one, by the noble-minded)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, great (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāma, who wielded the missile.