वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-81, verse-18

चालयन्तं महानीकं विधमन्तं महारथान् ।
ददृशुस्ते न वै रामं वातं वनगतं यथा ॥१८॥

18. cālayantaṃ mahānīkaṃ vidhamantaṃ mahārathān ,
dadṛśuste na vai rāmaṃ vātaṃ vanagataṃ yathā.

18. cālayantam mahānīkam vidhamantam mahārathān
dadṛśuḥ te na vai rāmam vātam vanagatam yathā

18. te mahānīkam cālayantam mahārathān vidhamantam
rāmam vanagatam vātam yathā na vai dadṛśuḥ

18. Indeed, they (the demons) could not perceive Rama, who was shaking the great army and destroying the mighty charioteers, just as one cannot perceive the wind that has entered a forest.

Words meanings summery:

• चालयन्तम् (cālayantam) - shaking (shaking, causing to move, disturbing)

• महानीकम् (mahānīkam) - great army (great army, large force)

• विधमन्तम् (vidhamantam) - destroying (destroying, scattering, dispersing)

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - mighty charioteers (mighty charioteers, great warriors)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they could not perceive (they saw, they beheld)

• ते (te) - they (the demons) (they)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• वातम् (vātam) - wind (wind, air)

• वनगतम् (vanagatam) - that has entered a forest (gone into a forest, entered a forest)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

Words meanings and morphology

चालयन्तम् (cālayantam) - shaking (shaking, causing to move, disturbing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cālayat

cālayat - shaking, moving, agitating, disturbing

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From causative stem cālayati (from root cal, to move) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: cal (class 1)

महानीकम् (mahānīkam) - great army (great army, large force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahānīka

mahānīka - great army, large host, formidable force

Karmadharaya compound: mahā (great) + anīka (army).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+anīka)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• anīka – army, host, array of battle
  noun (neuter)

विधमन्तम् (vidhamantam) - destroying (destroying, scattering, dispersing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhamat

vidhamat - destroying, scattering, dispersing, blowing away

Present Active Participle

From root dhmā (to blow) with prefix vi and suffix śatṛ.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhmā (class 1)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - mighty charioteers (mighty charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, mighty charioteer, a hero fighting from a chariot

Karmadharaya compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior on chariot).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior on a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they could not perceive (they saw, they beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect active

Reduplicated past tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with na and vai to indicate inability to perceive.

ते (te) - they (the demons) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of dadṛśuḥ.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, pleasing, charming

Root: ram (class 1)

वातम् (vātam) - wind (wind, air)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air, god of wind

From root vā (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

वनगतम् (vanagatam) - that has entered a forest (gone into a forest, entered a forest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanagata

vanagata - gone to a forest, living in a forest, related to a forest

Tatpuruṣa compound: vana (forest) + gata (gone, entered). gata is PPP of gam.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+gata)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go) with suffix kta
  Root: gam (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.