वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-81, verse-1

स प्रविश्य सभां राजा दीनः परमदुःखितः ।
निषसादासने मुख्ये सिंहः क्रुद्ध इव श्वसन् ॥१॥

1. sa praviśya sabhāṃ rājā dīnaḥ paramaduḥkhitaḥ ,
niṣasādāsane mukhye siṃhaḥ kruddha iva śvasan.

1. saḥ praviśya sabhām rājā dīnaḥ parama-duḥkhitaḥ
niṣasāda āsane mukhye siṃhaḥ kruddhaḥ iva śvasan

1. saḥ rājā dīnaḥ parama-duḥkhitaḥ sabhām praviśya mukhye āsane niṣasāda,
kruddhaḥ siṃhaḥ iva śvasan.

1. Having entered the assembly hall, the king, wretched and extremely distressed, sat down on the principal seat, breathing heavily like an enraged lion.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

• सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, court, hall

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - wretched, miserable, distressed

• परम-दुःखितः (parama-duḥkhitaḥ) - extremely sorrowful, greatly distressed

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

• आसने (āsane) - on the seat, on the throne

• मुख्ये (mukhye) - chief, principal, important

• सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• श्वसन् (śvasan) - breathing heavily, hissing

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From √viś with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, court, hall

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, meeting hall

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - wretched, miserable, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, wretched, miserable, sad

परम-दुःखितः (parama-duḥkhitaḥ) - extremely sorrowful, greatly distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-duḥkhita

parama-duḥkhita - extremely sorrowful, greatly distressed, intensely sad

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+duḥkhita)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, extreme
  adjective
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √duḥkh
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ni-sad

perfect tense

Root √sad with upasarga ni-, perfect 3rd person singular active

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

आसने (āsane) - on the seat, on the throne

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āsana

āsana - seat, sitting, posture

Root: ās (class 2)

मुख्ये (mukhye) - chief, principal, important

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, main, prominent

सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From √krudh

Root: krudh (class 4)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

श्वसन् (śvasan) - breathing heavily, hissing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvasat

śvasat - breathing, hissing, panting

Present Active Participle

From √śvas

Root: śvas (class 2)