वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-70, verse-38

हर्षः कामश्च दर्पश्च धर्मः क्रोधः शमो दमः ।
अर्थादेतानि सर्वाणि प्रवर्तन्ते नराधिप ॥३८॥

38. harṣaḥ kāmaśca darpaśca dharmaḥ krodhaḥ śamo damaḥ ,
arthādetāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa.

38. harṣaḥ kāmaḥ ca darpaḥ ca dharmaḥ krodhaḥ śamaḥ
damaḥ arthāt etāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa

38. harṣaḥ kāmaḥ ca darpaḥ ca dharmaḥ krodhaḥ śamaḥ
damaḥ arthāt etāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa

38. Joy, desire (kāma), and arrogance; constitution (dharma), anger, mental tranquility (śama), and self-restraint (dama) – O king, all these arise from wealth (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy (joy, delight, happiness, excitement)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (kāma) (desire, wish, love, pleasure)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance (arrogance, pride, haughtiness)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - constitution (dharma) (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger (anger, wrath, fury)

• शमः (śamaḥ) - mental tranquility (śama) (tranquility, calm, quiet, cessation, control of mind)

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint (dama) (self-control, restraint, subjugation, taming)

• अर्थात् (arthāt) - from wealth (artha) (from wealth, from a purpose, from a cause)

• एतानि (etāni) - these (things mentioned) (these)

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (these) (all, every, whole)

• प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they originate, they arise (they proceed, they originate, they begin, they function)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king (O king, O lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy (joy, delight, happiness, excitement)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness, excitement, thrill

Derived from root hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (kāma) (desire, wish, love, pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, object of desire

Root: kam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance (arrogance, pride, haughtiness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darpa

darpa - arrogance, pride, haughtiness, conceit

Derived from root dṛp (to be proud, boast).

Root: dṛp (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - constitution (dharma) (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger (anger, wrath, fury)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, fury, indignation

Derived from root krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

शमः (śamaḥ) - mental tranquility (śama) (tranquility, calm, quiet, cessation, control of mind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - tranquility, calm, quiet, cessation, control of mind, peace

Derived from root śam (to be calm, pacified).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Refers to mental control and peace.

दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint (dama) (self-control, restraint, subjugation, taming)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation, taming

Derived from root dam (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Refers to control over external senses and actions.

अर्थात् (arthāt) - from wealth (artha) (from wealth, from a purpose, from a cause)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - wealth, property, object, purpose, meaning, cause

Note: Indicates origin or cause.

एतानि (etāni) - these (things mentioned) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the list of qualities/emotions.

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (these) (all, every, whole)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies `etāni`.

प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they originate, they arise (they proceed, they originate, they begin, they function)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Present 3rd person plural middle voice verb.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix adhi- and root pā (to protect).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Term of address.