वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-70, verse-10

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा राघवः शोकमूर्छितः ।
निपपात तदा भूमौ छिन्नमूल इव द्रुमः ॥१०॥

10. tasya tadvacanaṃ śrutvā rāghavaḥ śokamūrchitaḥ ,
nipapāta tadā bhūmau chinnamūla iva drumaḥ.

10. tasya tad vacanam śrutvā rāghavaḥ śokamūrchitaḥ
nipapāta tadā bhūmau chinnamūlaḥ iva drumaḥ

10. tasya tad vacanam śrutvā,
rāghavaḥ śokamūrchitaḥ tadā bhūmau chinnamūlaḥ drumaḥ iva nipapāta

10. Having heard those words of his, Rama (rāghavaḥ), overcome by sorrow, then fell to the ground like a tree whose roots have been cut.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (the messenger's) (of him, his, of that)

• तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, this)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, having listened)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (Rama (descendant of Raghu))

• शोकमूर्छितः (śokamūrchitaḥ) - overcome by sorrow (fainted from sorrow, overcome by grief)

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell (to the ground) (fell down, collapsed)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• छिन्नमूलः (chinnamūlaḥ) - with its roots cut (with roots cut, uprooted)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree (tree)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of his (the messenger's) (of him, his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to the messenger.

तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Adjective to 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, declaration

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, having listened)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root śru (to hear) with suffix -ktvā for absolutive.

Root: śru (class 5)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (Rama (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu

Note: Subject of 'nipapāta'.

शोकमूर्छितः (śokamūrchitaḥ) - overcome by sorrow (fainted from sorrow, overcome by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokamūrchita

śokamūrchita - fainted from sorrow, overcome by grief

Compound: śoka (sorrow) + mūrcita (fainted, unconscious)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+mūrcita)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• mūrcita – fainted, unconscious, stupefied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mūrcch (to faint, become stiff)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell (to the ground) (fell down, collapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Locative case, indicating location (often implies movement to in certain contexts).

छिन्नमूलः (chinnamūlaḥ) - with its roots cut (with roots cut, uprooted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnamūla

chinnamūla - with roots cut, uprooted

Compound: chinna (cut) + mūla (root)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+mūla)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root chid (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'drumaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree (tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Part of the simile comparing Rama to a tree.