वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-70, verse-18

तस्य च व्यसनाभावाद्व्यसनं च गते त्वयि ।
धर्मेणोपलभेद्धर्ममधर्मं चाप्यधर्मतः ॥१८॥

18. tasya ca vyasanābhāvādvyasanaṃ ca gate tvayi ,
dharmeṇopalabheddharmamadharmaṃ cāpyadharmataḥ.

18. tasya ca vyasanābhāvāt vyasanam ca gate tvayi |
dharmeṇa upalabhet dharmam adharmam ca api adharmataḥ

18. tasya vyasanābhāvāt ca tvayi vyasanam gate ca
dharmeṇa dharmam upalabhet ca api adharmataḥ adharmam

18. And due to his (Ravana's) absence of misfortune, and misfortune having befallen you, one should infer `dharma` from `dharma` itself, and `adharma` from `adharma` itself.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Ravana (from previous verse) (of him, his)

• च (ca) - and

• व्यसनाभावात् (vyasanābhāvāt) - due to absence of misfortune/distress

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress

• च (ca) - and

• गते (gate) - having befallen (upon you) (having gone, having reached, befallen)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, upon you

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, through dharma

• उपलभेत् (upalabhet) - one should obtain, perceive, understand

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma, natural law, righteousness

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, injustice, vice

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अधर्मतः (adharmataḥ) - from adharma, by unrighteousness

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Ravana (from previous verse) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

व्यसनाभावात् (vyasanābhāvāt) - due to absence of misfortune/distress

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vyasanābhāva

vyasanābhāva - absence of misfortune, freedom from distress

Tatpurusha compound: vyasana (misfortune) + abhāva (absence).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vyasana+abhāva)

• vyasana – misfortune, calamity, distress, vice
  noun (neuter)
  From root as (to throw) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• abhāva – absence, non-existence, non-being
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of bhāva (being, existence).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, adversity, vice, addiction

From root as (to throw) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject in the locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

गते (gate) - having befallen (upon you) (having gone, having reached, befallen)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, befallen

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies vyasanam in the locative absolute construction.

त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, upon you

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, through dharma

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

उपलभेत् (upalabhet) - one should obtain, perceive, understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of labh

Optative middle 3rd singular

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma, natural law, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of upalabhet.

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, injustice, vice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil, non-dharma

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of dharma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of upalabhet.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अधर्मतः (adharmataḥ) - from adharma, by unrighteousness

(indeclinable)

Derived from adharma with the suffix -tas (indicating source or manner).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Suffix -tas gives an ablative meaning 'from' or 'by means of'.