वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-70, verse-37

यस्यार्था धर्मकामार्थास्तस्य सर्वं प्रदक्षिणम् ।
अधनेनार्थकामेन नार्थः शक्यो विचिन्वता ॥३७॥

37. yasyārthā dharmakāmārthāstasya sarvaṃ pradakṣiṇam ,
adhanenārthakāmena nārthaḥ śakyo vicinvatā.

37. yasya arthāḥ dharma kāma arthāḥ tasya sarvam pradakṣiṇam
adhanena artha kāmena na arthaḥ śakyaḥ vicinvatā

37. yasya arthāḥ dharma kāma arthāḥ tasya sarvam pradakṣiṇam
adhanena artha kāmena na arthaḥ śakyaḥ vicinvatā

37. For the one whose wealth (artha) supports both their constitution (dharma) and their desires (kāma), everything turns out auspiciously. However, for a poor person who desires wealth, it cannot be acquired merely by seeking it.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealth, resources (wealth, possessions, objects, purposes, meanings)

• धर्म (dharma) - constitution (dharma) (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• काम (kāma) - desires (kāma) (desire, wish, love, pleasure)

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - for the purposes (of dharma and kāma) (purposes, objects, aims, wealth)

• तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, of him, to him, for him)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, every, whole, everything)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - auspicious, favorable (auspicious, favorable, right-handed (circumambulation))

• अधनेन (adhanena) - by a poor person (by a poor person, by one without wealth)

• अर्थ (artha) - wealth (as object of desire) (wealth, purpose, object)

• कामेन (kāmena) - by one desiring (wealth) (by desire, by love, by one desiring)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth (artha) (wealth, object, purpose)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - able to be acquired (able to be done, possible, capable)

• विचिन्वता (vicinvatā) - by one seeking (wealth) (by one seeking, by one collecting, by one investigating)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, what kind of

Note: Genitive singular.

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealth, resources (wealth, possessions, objects, purposes, meanings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - wealth, property, object, purpose, meaning, cause

धर्म (dharma) - constitution (dharma) (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of a compound `dharma-kāma-arthāḥ`.

काम (kāma) - desires (kāma) (desire, wish, love, pleasure)

(noun)

masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, object of desire

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Middle part of a compound `dharma-kāma-arthāḥ`.

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - for the purposes (of dharma and kāma) (purposes, objects, aims, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, object, aim, meaning, wealth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kāma+artha)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, object, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: The compound `dharma-kāma-arthāḥ` means 'those whose wealth has dharma and kāma as its purposes'. The final `arthāḥ` here stands for the 'purposes/objects' of `dharma` and `kāma`.

तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, of him, to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular masculine.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, every, whole, everything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Functions as a noun here meaning 'everything'.

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - auspicious, favorable (auspicious, favorable, right-handed (circumambulation))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - auspicious, favorable, respectful; circumambulation with right side towards the object

Note: Agrees with `sarvam`.

अधनेन (adhanena) - by a poor person (by a poor person, by one without wealth)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adhana

adhana - poor, without wealth

Negative compound of 'a-' (not) and 'dhana' (wealth).

Compound type : avyayībhāva / nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to a poor person.

अर्थ (artha) - wealth (as object of desire) (wealth, purpose, object)

(noun)

masculine, singular of artha

artha - wealth, property, object, purpose, meaning, cause

Note: First part of the compound `artha-kāmena`.

कामेन (kāmena) - by one desiring (wealth) (by desire, by love, by one desiring)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāmin

kāmin - desiring, desirous, loving, lustful

Derived from 'kāma' with the possessive suffix '-in'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+kāmin)

• artha – wealth, property, object
  noun (masculine)
• kāmin – desirous of
  adjective (masculine)
  Possessive adjective from kāma.

Note: Instrumental singular masculine, qualifying `adhanena`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth (artha) (wealth, object, purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - wealth, property, object, purpose, meaning, cause

Note: Subject of the passive `śakyaḥ`.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - able to be acquired (able to be done, possible, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able to be done, capable of, practicable; gerundive of śak

Gerundive

Derived from root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Gerundive (potential passive participle), agreeing with `arthaḥ`.

विचिन्वता (vicinvatā) - by one seeking (wealth) (by one seeking, by one collecting, by one investigating)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vicinvat

vicinvat - seeking, collecting, investigating (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ci (to gather, collect, seek) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Instrumental singular masculine, modifying `adhanena` and `kāmena`.