वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-49, verse-9

येन वैवस्वतो युद्धे वासवश्च पराजितः ।
सैष विश्रवसः पुत्रः कुम्भकर्णः प्रतापवान् ॥९॥

9. yena vaivasvato yuddhe vāsavaśca parājitaḥ ,
saiṣa viśravasaḥ putraḥ kumbhakarṇaḥ pratāpavān.

9. yena vaivasvataḥ yuddhe vāsavaḥ ca parājitaḥ sa
eṣaḥ viśravasaḥ putraḥ kumbhakarṇaḥ pratāpavān

9. This mighty Kumbhakarna, the son of Vishravas, is the very one by whom Yama (vaivasvata) and Indra (vāsava) were defeated in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom

• वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - Yama (Vaivasvata (an epithet of Yama))

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra (Vasava (an epithet of Indra))

• च (ca) - and

• पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

• स (sa) - that, he

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

• विश्रवसः (viśravasaḥ) - of Vishravas

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, glorious, valorous

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - Yama (Vaivasvata (an epithet of Yama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaivasvata

vaivasvata - son of Vivasvat (the sun god); an epithet of Yama, the god of death

Derived from Vivasvat (the sun god).

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Derived from the root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra (Vasava (an epithet of Indra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - belonging to or descended from Vasu; an epithet of Indra, king of the gods

Derived from Vasu.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājita

parājita - defeated, overcome, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root √ji (to conquer) with the prefix 'parā'.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

विश्रवसः (viśravasaḥ) - of Vishravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśravas

viśravas - Vishravas (a sage, father of Ravana and Kumbhakarna)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (a giant rakshasa, brother of Ravana, known for his enormous size and appetite)

Compound: kumbha (pot) + karṇa (ear), meaning 'pot-eared'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, glorious, valorous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, glorious, powerful, splendid

Possessive adjective formed from 'pratāpa' (power, valor, glory) with the suffix '-vat'.

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