वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-49, verse-22

कुम्भकर्णं समीक्ष्यैव वितत्रास प्रजापतिः ।
दृष्ट्वा निश्वस्य चैवेदं स्वयम्भूरिदमब्रवीत् ॥२२॥

22. kumbhakarṇaṃ samīkṣyaiva vitatrāsa prajāpatiḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā niśvasya caivedaṃ svayambhūridamabravīt.

22. kumbhakarṇaṃ samīkṣya eva vitatrāsa prajāpatiḥ
dṛṣṭvā niśvasya ca eva idam svayambhūḥ idam abravīt

22. prajāpatiḥ kumbhakarṇaṃ eva samīkṣya vitatrāsa
svayambhūḥ ca idam dṛṣṭvā niśvasya eva idam abravīt

22. Upon seeing Kumbhakarna, Prajapati (Brahma) trembled. Having seen this and sighed, the self-existent one (Brahma) then spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भकर्णं (kumbhakarṇaṁ) - Kumbhakarna

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

• वितत्रास (vitatrāsa) - he trembled, he was terrified

• प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajapati, Brahma

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• निश्वस्य (niśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

• इदम् (idam) - this

• स्वयम्भूः (svayambhūḥ) - the self-existent one, Brahma

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the speech)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भकर्णं (kumbhakarṇaṁ) - Kumbhakarna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of a rākṣasa, Rāvaṇa's brother, literally 'pot-eared')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, jar, elephant's frontal globe
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga sam, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

वितत्रास (vitatrāsa) - he trembled, he was terrified

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vi-tras

Perfect

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajapati, Brahma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, progenitor, a name for Brahma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+pati)

• prajā – progeny, creatures, people
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निश्वस्य (niśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śvas (to breathe) with upasarga ni, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, that

स्वयम्भूः (svayambhūḥ) - the self-existent one, Brahma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svayambhū

svayambhū - self-existent, self-born, a name for Brahma

Compound type : bahuvrihi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – oneself, by oneself
  indeclinable
• bhū – being, existence, earth
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the speech)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, that

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)

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