वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-49, verse-30

कुम्भकर्णं समीक्ष्यैव हरयो विप्रदुद्रुवुः ।
कथमेनं रणे क्रुद्धं वारयिष्यन्ति वानराः ॥३०॥

30. kumbhakarṇaṃ samīkṣyaiva harayo vipradudruvuḥ ,
kathamenaṃ raṇe kruddhaṃ vārayiṣyanti vānarāḥ.

30. kumbhakarṇam samīkṣya eva harayaḥ vipradudruvuḥ
katham enam raṇe kruddham vārayiṣyanti vānarāḥ

30. harayaḥ kumbhakarṇam samīkṣya eva vipradudruvuḥ
vānarāḥ enam kruddham raṇe katham vārayiṣyanti

30. As soon as they saw Kumbhakarna, the monkeys scattered in all directions. How will the monkeys restrain this enraged one in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

• विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled in all directions, they scattered

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एनम् (enam) - this one (Kumbhakarna) (this one, him)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angered

• वारयिष्यन्ति (vārayiṣyanti) - they will stop, they will restrain, they will prevent

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of Ravana's brother)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the gerund 'samīkṣya'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive) with prefix

Derived from sam-īkṣ (sam + īkṣ 'to see'), root √īkṣ (to see) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the immediate action.

हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, lion, Vishnu, sun, horse

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vipradudruvuḥ'.

विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled in all directions, they scattered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vipradudruvu

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of vi-pra-√dru (to run away, to scatter). The reduplication 'dru' is characteristic of the perfect tense.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

एनम् (enam) - this one (Kumbhakarna) (this one, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, this one, him

Note: Refers to Kumbhakarna.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'enam' (Kumbhakarna).

वारयिष्यन्ति (vārayiṣyanti) - they will stop, they will restrain, they will prevent

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of vārayiṣyati

Causative stem + Future tense

Future tense, 3rd person plural of the causative stem of √vṛ (to cover, to restrain).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

Note: Subject of 'vārayiṣyanti'.