वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-49, verse-28

सो ऽसौ व्यसनमापन्नः कुम्भकर्णमबोधयत् ।
त्वत्पराक्रमभीतश्च राजा संप्रति रावणः ॥२८॥

28. so'sau vyasanamāpannaḥ kumbhakarṇamabodhayat ,
tvatparākramabhītaśca rājā saṃprati rāvaṇaḥ.

28. saḥ asau vyasanam āpannaḥ kumbhakarṇam abodhayat
tvatparākramabhītaḥ ca rājā samprati rāvaṇaḥ

28. saḥ asau rājā rāvaṇaḥ vyasanam āpannaḥ kumbhakarṇam
abodhayat ca samprati tvatparākramabhītaḥ

28. That King Ravana, having fallen into distress, woke up Kumbhakarna. And now King Ravana is terrified by your (Kumbhakarna's) prowess.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (Ravana) (he, that)

• असौ (asau) - that (far away), he (that one)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - distress, calamity, misfortune, addiction

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - fallen into distress (having obtained, reached, fallen into)

• कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

• अबोधयत् (abodhayat) - he awakened, he made aware

• त्वत्पराक्रमभीतः (tvatparākramabhītaḥ) - terrified by your (Kumbhakarna's) prowess (terrified by your prowess)

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सम्प्रति (samprati) - now, at present

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (Ravana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ravana.

असौ (asau) - that (far away), he (that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder

Note: Used for emphasis or referring to someone already mentioned/understood.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - distress, calamity, misfortune, addiction

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - distress, calamity, misfortune, addiction

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - fallen into distress (having obtained, reached, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb ā-pad (ā + √pad) 'to obtain, to reach'

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies the subject (Ravana).

कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of Ravana's brother)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'abodhayat'.

अबोधयत् (abodhayat) - he awakened, he made aware

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bodhayat

Causative form

Causative stem from √budh (to know, to awaken). Imperfect 3rd singular. The 'a' is the augment for past tense.

Root: budh (class 1)

त्वत्पराक्रमभीतः (tvatparākramabhītaḥ) - terrified by your (Kumbhakarna's) prowess (terrified by your prowess)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvatparākramabhīta

tvatparākramabhīta - terrified by one's prowess

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tvat+parākrama+bhīta)

• tvat – you
  pronoun
  Ablative form of tvad, acting as a possessive/source in compound.
• parākrama – prowess, valor, might
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pra-√kram (to step forward, to be powerful)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)
• bhīta – terrified, afraid
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Modifies Ravana.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सम्प्रति (samprati) - now, at present

(indeclinable)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (name of the demon king)

Literally 'causing to cry out'.

Root: ru (class 2)