वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-24, verse-7

न शक्यं सौप्तिकं कर्तुं रामस्य विदितात्मनः ।
वधश्च पुरुषव्याघ्रे तस्मिन्नेवोपपद्यते ॥७॥

7. na śakyaṃ sauptikaṃ kartuṃ rāmasya viditātmanaḥ ,
vadhaśca puruṣavyāghre tasminnevopapadyate.

7. na śakyam sauptikam kartum rāmasya viditātmanaḥ
vadhaḥ ca puruṣa-vyāghre tasmin eva upapadyate

7. rāmasya viditātmanaḥ sauptikam kartum na śakyam
ca puruṣa-vyāghre tasmin eva vadhaḥ upapadyate

7. A surprise attack (sauptika) is not possible against Rāma, who understands his true nature (ātman). And the destruction of an enemy is only accomplished by that foremost of men.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

• सौप्तिकम् (sauptikam) - surprise attack (nocturnal attack, surprise attack on those asleep)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to carry out (to do, to make, to perform)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• विदितात्मनः (viditātmanaḥ) - of Rāma, who understands his true nature (ātman) (of the knower of (ātman), of him whose (ātman) is known)

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction (of an enemy) (killing, destruction, slaying)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुरुष-व्याघ्रे (puruṣa-vyāghre) - by that foremost of men (Rāma) (on the tiger among men, on the foremost of men)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - by him (Rāma) (on him, in him)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is accomplished (is accomplished, is suitable, is possible, occurs)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done

Gerundive

From root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective. It is possible.

सौप्तिकम् (sauptikam) - surprise attack (nocturnal attack, surprise attack on those asleep)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sauptika

sauptika - relating to sleep, nocturnal attack (on sleeping people)

Derived from supti (sleep).

Note: Object of `kartum`.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to carry out (to do, to make, to perform)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governs `sauptikam`.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: In relation to `viditātmanaḥ`.

विदितात्मनः (viditātmanaḥ) - of Rāma, who understands his true nature (ātman) (of the knower of (ātman), of him whose (ātman) is known)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viditātman

viditātman - one whose self is known, one who knows the (ātman)

Compound of vidita (known) and ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vidita+ātman)

• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ātman – (ātman), self, soul, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Rāma.

वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction (of an enemy) (killing, destruction, slaying)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, destruction, striking down, slaying

From root han (to strike, kill), with secondary derivation.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of `upapadyate`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पुरुष-व्याघ्रे (puruṣa-vyāghre) - by that foremost of men (Rāma) (on the tiger among men, on the foremost of men)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of puruṣa-vyāghra

puruṣa-vyāghra - tiger among men, eminent man, foremost of men

Metaphorical compound, puruṣa (man) + vyāghra (tiger), meaning the best or most prominent among men.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāma.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - by him (Rāma) (on him, in him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma, emphasizing the location/object of the action.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `tasmin`.

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is accomplished (is accomplished, is suitable, is possible, occurs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of upapad

Present Tense

From root pad (to go, fall) with upasarga upa (near, towards).

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The passive subject `vadhaḥ` implies 'killing is accomplished'.

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