वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-19, verse-30

किष्किन्धां यः समध्यास्ते गुहां सगहनद्रुमाम् ।
दुर्गां पर्वतदुर्गस्थां प्रधानैः सह यूथपैः ॥३०॥

30. kiṣkindhāṃ yaḥ samadhyāste guhāṃ sagahanadrumām ,
durgāṃ parvatadurgasthāṃ pradhānaiḥ saha yūthapaiḥ.

30. kiṣkindhām yaḥ samadhyāste guhām sagahanadrumām
durgām parvatadurgasthām pradhānaiḥ saha yūthapaiḥ

30. yaḥ pradhānaiḥ yūthapaiḥ saha sagahanadrumām durgām
parvatadurgasthām guhām kiṣkindhām samadhyāste

30. Who presides over Kiṣkindhā, a cavern with dense trees, a difficult-to-access place situated like a mountain fortress, along with his chief troop commanders.

Words meanings summery:

• किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - Kiṣkindhā, the city and kingdom of the monkeys (Kiṣkindhā, the name of a city/region)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Sugrīva, implicitly) (who, which)

• समध्यास्ते (samadhyāste) - presides over, rules from (presides over, dwells, sits upon)

• गुहाम् (guhām) - a cavern, specifically referring to the city of Kiṣkindhā being described as a cavern (cave, cavern, hiding place)

• सगहनद्रुमाम् (sagahanadrumām) - with dense trees (describing the cave/Kiṣkindhā) (having dense trees)

• दुर्गाम् (durgām) - difficult to access (describing the cave/Kiṣkindhā) (difficult to access, impenetrable, a fort)

• पर्वतदुर्गस्थाम् (parvatadurgasthām) - situated like a mountain fortress (describing the cave/Kiṣkindhā) (situated in a mountain fortress)

• प्रधानैः (pradhānaiḥ) - with his principal (commanders) (by the chief ones, principal ones)

• सह (saha) - along with (with, together with)

• यूथपैः (yūthapaiḥ) - with the troop commanders (by the leaders of troops/groups)

Words meanings and morphology

किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - Kiṣkindhā, the city and kingdom of the monkeys (Kiṣkindhā, the name of a city/region)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kiṣkindhā

kiṣkindhā - Name of the monkey kingdom

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Sugrīva, implicitly) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

समध्यास्ते (samadhyāste) - presides over, rules from (presides over, dwells, sits upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

From root 'ās' (2nd class Ātmanepada) with prefixes 'sam' and 'adhi'

Prefixes: sam+adhi

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: This verb is Ātmanepada.

गुहाम् (guhām) - a cavern, specifically referring to the city of Kiṣkindhā being described as a cavern (cave, cavern, hiding place)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern, hiding place

सगहनद्रुमाम् (sagahanadrumām) - with dense trees (describing the cave/Kiṣkindhā) (having dense trees)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sagahanadrumā

sagahanadrumā - having dense trees

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + gahana (dense) + druma (tree)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gahana+druma)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• gahana – dense, thick, impenetrable, deep
  adjective (neuter)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies guhām.

दुर्गाम् (durgām) - difficult to access (describing the cave/Kiṣkindhā) (difficult to access, impenetrable, a fort)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durgā

durgā - difficult to access, impregnable, a fort, fortress

Note: Modifies guhām.

पर्वतदुर्गस्थाम् (parvatadurgasthām) - situated like a mountain fortress (describing the cave/Kiṣkindhā) (situated in a mountain fortress)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parvatadurgasthā

parvatadurgasthā - situated in a mountain fortress

Tatpuruṣa compound: parvata (mountain) + durga (fortress) + stha (standing/situated)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+durga+stha)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• durga – fortress, difficult to access place
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, abiding
  adjective
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies guhām.

प्रधानैः (pradhānaiḥ) - with his principal (commanders) (by the chief ones, principal ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, main, prominent

सह (saha) - along with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

यूथपैः (yūthapaiḥ) - with the troop commanders (by the leaders of troops/groups)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop, commander

Tatpuruṣa compound: yūtha (group) + pa (protector/leader)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – group, troop, herd, company
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler, leader
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)