वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-17, verse-40

एते दुष्प्रसहा घोरा बलिनः कामरूपिणः ।
यूथपा यूथपश्रेष्ठा येषां संख्या न विद्यते ॥४०॥

40. ete duṣprasahā ghorā balinaḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ ,
yūthapā yūthapaśreṣṭhā yeṣāṃ saṃkhyā na vidyate.

40. ete duṣprasahāḥ ghorāḥ balinaḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ
yūthapāḥ yūthapaśreṣṭhāḥ yeṣām saṃkhyā na vidyate

40. ete yūthapāḥ yūthapaśreṣṭhāḥ duṣprasahāḥ ghorāḥ
balinaḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ yeṣām saṃkhyā na vidyate

40. These formidable, mighty leaders of hordes, capable of assuming any form at will, are the best among troop commanders, and their number is unknown.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• दुष्प्रसहाः (duṣprasahāḥ) - difficult to overcome, irresistible, formidable

• घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

• बलिनः (balinaḥ) - powerful, mighty, strong

• कामरूपिणः (kāmarūpiṇaḥ) - assuming any form at will, shape-shifting

• यूथपाः (yūthapāḥ) - leaders of troops, commanders of hordes

• यूथपश्रेष्ठाः (yūthapaśreṣṭhāḥ) - best among the troop leaders

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

• संख्या (saṁkhyā) - number, count

• न (na) - not

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is known

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, that

दुष्प्रसहाः (duṣprasahāḥ) - difficult to overcome, irresistible, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duṣprasaha

duṣprasaha - difficult to overcome, irresistible, formidable

From duṣ (prefix) + pra (prefix) + sah (root) + a (suffix). 'Sah' means to bear, endure. Duṣ-pra-sah means hard to bear/overcome.

Compound type : tatpurusha (duṣ+prasaha)

• duṣ – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• prasaha – enduring, overcoming
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra (prefix) + sah (root) + a (suffix)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'ete' and 'yūthapāḥ'.

घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, fierce

Note: Adjective qualifying 'ete' and 'yūthapāḥ'.

बलिनः (balinaḥ) - powerful, mighty, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

From bala (strength) + in (possessive suffix)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'ete' and 'yūthapāḥ'.

कामरूपिणः (kāmarūpiṇaḥ) - assuming any form at will, shape-shifting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmarūpin

kāmarūpin - assuming any form at will, shape-shifting

From kāma (desire) + rūpa (form) + in (possessive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kāma+rūpa)

• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'ete' and 'yūthapāḥ'.

यूथपाः (yūthapāḥ) - leaders of troops, commanders of hordes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a herd/troop/horde, commander

From yūtha (group, herd) + pa (protector, keeper)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, troop, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, keeper, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect, to guard)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

यूथपश्रेष्ठाः (yūthapaśreṣṭhāḥ) - best among the troop leaders

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yūthapaśreṣṭha

yūthapaśreṣṭha - best among troop leaders

From yūthapa (troop leader) + śreṣṭha (best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūthapa+śreṣṭha)

• yūthapa – leader of a herd/troop/horde, commander
  noun (masculine)
  From yūtha (group, herd) + pa (protector, keeper)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'yūthapāḥ'.

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to 'yūthapāḥ'.

संख्या (saṁkhyā) - number, count

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - number, count, calculation

From sam (prefix) + khyā (root to be known, counted)

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'na vidyate'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The middle voice (ātmanepada) form of 'vid' (to be, exist) in the 4th class.