वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-17, verse-10

एष यो ऽभिमुखो लङ्कां नर्दंस्तिष्ठति वानरः ।
यूथपानां सहस्राणां शतेन परिवारितः ॥१०॥

10. eṣa yo'bhimukho laṅkāṃ nardaṃstiṣṭhati vānaraḥ ,
yūthapānāṃ sahasrāṇāṃ śatena parivāritaḥ.

10. eṣaḥ yaḥ abhimukhaḥ laṅkām nardan tiṣṭhati
vānaraḥ yūthapānām sahasrāṇām śatena parivāritaḥ

10. eṣaḥ yaḥ vānaraḥ laṅkām abhimukhaḥ nardan
tiṣṭhati yūthapānām sahasrāṇām śatena parivāritaḥ

10. This monkey, who stands roaring, facing Laṅkā, is surrounded by hundreds of thousands of troop leaders.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (monkey) (this, this one)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (towards Laṅkā) (facing, turned towards)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā (the city of Rāvaṇa) (Laṅkā (city))

• नर्दन् (nardan) - roaring (roaring, shouting)

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands (stands, remains, stays)

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey (identified as the one roaring) (monkey)

• यूथपानाम् (yūthapānām) - of (the) troop leaders (of troop leaders)

• सहस्राणाम् (sahasrāṇām) - of thousands

• शतेन (śatena) - by a hundred (groups) (by a hundred)

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded (by) (surrounded, encompassed)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (monkey) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, that

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the monkey.

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (towards Laṅkā) (facing, turned towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, directed towards, opposite to

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the monkey.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā (the city of Rāvaṇa) (Laṅkā (city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (the capital city of Rāvaṇa)

Note: Object of the direction implied by `abhimukhaḥ`.

नर्दन् (nardan) - roaring (roaring, shouting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nardat

nardat - roaring, sounding, shouting

Present Active Participle

From root 'nard' (to roar, sound)

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the monkey, indicating concurrent action.

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands (stands, remains, stays)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Tense

Parasmaipada, 1st conjugation (Bhū-class), reduplicated present stem 'tiṣṭha-'

Root: sthā (class 1)

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey (identified as the one roaring) (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey (literally 'belonging to the forest' or 'of men')

यूथपानाम् (yūthapānām) - of (the) troop leaders (of troop leaders)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop, commander

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – troop, multitude, flock
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect, to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

सहस्राणाम् (sahasrāṇām) - of thousands

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Modifies `yūthapānām` 'of thousands of troop leaders'.

शतेन (śatena) - by a hundred (groups) (by a hundred)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Used as an instrumental of accompaniment or agent.

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded (by) (surrounded, encompassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, enclosed, attended

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, enclose) with upasarga 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the monkey (`eṣaḥ vānaraḥ`).