वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-17, verse-1

तद्वचः पथ्यमक्लीबं सारणेनाभिभाषितम् ।
निशम्य रावणो राजा प्रत्यभाषत सारणम् ॥१॥

1. tadvacaḥ pathyamaklībaṃ sāraṇenābhibhāṣitam ,
niśamya rāvaṇo rājā pratyabhāṣata sāraṇam.

1. tat vacaḥ pathyam aklībam sāranena abhibhāṣitam
niśamya rāvaṇaḥ rājā pratyabhāṣata sāranam

1. sāranena abhibhāṣitam tat pathyam aklībam vacaḥ
niśamya rājā rāvaṇaḥ sāranam pratyabhāṣata

1. Having heard that wholesome and firm counsel spoken by Sāraṇa, King Rāvaṇa replied to Sāraṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, his

• वचः (vacaḥ) - counsel (Sāraṇa's advice) (word, speech, saying, counsel)

• पथ्यम् (pathyam) - wholesome (counsel) (wholesome, beneficial, salutary, suitable)

• अक्लीबम् (aklībam) - firm (counsel) (not weak, brave, firm, manly)

• सारनेन (sāranena) - by Sāraṇa

• अभिभाषितम् (abhibhāṣitam) - spoken, addressed, said

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke in return

• सारनम् (sāranam) - to Sāraṇa

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, his

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - counsel (Sāraṇa's advice) (word, speech, saying, counsel)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, counsel

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'niśamya'.

पथ्यम् (pathyam) - wholesome (counsel) (wholesome, beneficial, salutary, suitable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of pathya

pathya - wholesome, beneficial, salutary, suitable, relating to the path

Gerundive (secondary derivation)

Derived from 'path' (path) + '-ya' suffix. Can also be interpreted as gerundive of 'path' (to go).

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

अक्लीबम् (aklībam) - firm (counsel) (not weak, brave, firm, manly)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of aklība

aklība - not weak, brave, firm, virile, not impotent

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'klība' (weak, impotent).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+klība)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• klība – weak, impotent, eunuch
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

सारनेन (sāranena) - by Sāraṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sāraṇa

sāraṇa - Sāraṇa (name of a rākṣasa, Rāvaṇa's minister)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'abhibhāṣitam'.

अभिभाषितम् (abhibhāṣitam) - spoken, addressed, said

(adjective)

neuter, singular of abhibhāṣita

abhibhāṣita - spoken, addressed, said

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of 'abhi-bhāṣ' (to address, speak to).

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of 'ni-śam' (to hear, perceive, observe).

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa, the demon king of Lankā

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Note: Appositive to 'rāvaṇaḥ'.

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of pratyabhāṣ

Imperfect

Root 'bhāṣ' (to speak) with prefixes 'prati' and 'abhi'. Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Prefixes: prati+abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सारनम् (sāranam) - to Sāraṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāraṇa

sāraṇa - Sāraṇa (name of a rākṣasa, Rāvaṇa's minister)

Note: Direct object of 'pratyabhāṣata'.