वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-102, verse-31

ततो लक्ष्मणसुग्रीवौ हनूमांश्च प्लवंगमः ।
निशम्य वाक्यं रामस्य बभूवुर्व्यथिता भृशम् ॥३१॥

31. tato lakṣmaṇasugrīvau hanūmāṃśca plavaṃgamaḥ ,
niśamya vākyaṃ rāmasya babhūvurvyathitā bhṛśam.

31. tataḥ lakṣmaṇa-sugrīvau hanūmān ca plavaṅgamaḥ
niśamya vākyam rāmasya babhūvuḥ vyathitāḥ bhṛśam

31. tataḥ lakṣmaṇa-sugrīvau ca hanūmān plavaṅgamaḥ
rāmasya vākyam niśamya bhṛśam vyathitāḥ babhūvuḥ

31. Then, upon hearing Rama's words, Lakshmana and Sugriva, along with Hanuman the monkey chief, became extremely distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• लक्ष्मण-सुग्रीवौ (lakṣmaṇa-sugrīvau) - Lakshmana and Sugriva

• हनूमान् (hanūmān) - Hanuman

• च (ca) - and

• प्लवङ्गमः (plavaṅgamaḥ) - monkey, leaping-goer

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

लक्ष्मण-सुग्रीवौ (lakṣmaṇa-sugrīvau) - Lakshmana and Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lakṣmaṇasugrīva

lakṣmaṇasugrīva - Lakshmana and Sugriva

Compound type : dvandva (lakṣmaṇa+sugrīva)

• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sugrīva – Sugriva (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Nominative dual form.

हनूमान् (hanūmān) - Hanuman

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanūmat

hanūmat - Hanuman (proper name)

Note: Nominative singular.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्लवङ्गमः (plavaṅgamaḥ) - monkey, leaping-goer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, ape, literally 'leaping-goer'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – a leap, jump, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to float, to jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, goer
  noun (masculine)
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular, referring to Hanuman.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ni + śam (to hear, perceive)

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive, indicating a preceding action.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Accusative singular.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, charming

Note: Genitive singular.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: 3rd person plural perfect active.

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated

Past Passive Participle

From root vyath (to be agitated, troubled)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Nominative plural, agreeing with Lakshmana, Sugriva, and Hanuman.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.