वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-102, verse-1

स उवाच महाप्रज्ञमभिगम्य प्लवंगमः ।
रामं वचनमर्थज्ञो वरं सर्वधनुष्मताम् ॥१॥

1. sa uvāca mahāprajñamabhigamya plavaṃgamaḥ ,
rāmaṃ vacanamarthajño varaṃ sarvadhanuṣmatām.

1. saḥ uvāca mahāprajñam abhigamya plavaṅgamaḥ
rāmam vacanam arthajñaḥ varam sarvadhanuṣmatām

1. saḥ plavaṅgamaḥ arthajñaḥ mahāprajñam
sarvadhanuṣmatām varam rāmam abhigamya vacanam uvāca

1. That monkey, knowing what was proper, approached Rama, the greatly wise one and the foremost among all bow-wielders, and spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• महाप्रज्ञम् (mahāprajñam) - to Rama, who is greatly wise (to the greatly wise, to the highly intelligent)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

• प्लवङ्गमः (plavaṅgamaḥ) - Hanuman, the monkey (monkey, literally 'one who goes by leaping')

• रामम् (rāmam) - to Rama

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

• अर्थज्ञः (arthajñaḥ) - knowing what is proper or the true purpose of things (knowing the meaning, knowing the purpose, knowing what is proper)

• वरम् (varam) - the best, referring to Rama (best, excellent)

• सर्वधनुष्मताम् (sarvadhanuṣmatām) - of all bow-wielders

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of verb root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

महाप्रज्ञम् (mahāprajñam) - to Rama, who is greatly wise (to the greatly wise, to the highly intelligent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāprajña

mahāprajña - greatly wise, highly intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prajña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• prajña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Rama

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from verb root gam (to go) with prefix abhi- and suffix -lyap

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: absolutive form

प्लवङ्गमः (plavaṅgamaḥ) - Hanuman, the monkey (monkey, literally 'one who goes by leaping')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, literally 'one who goes by leaping'

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (plavaṅga+gam)

• plavaṅga – leaping, a monkey
  noun (masculine)
• gam – going, motion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Hanuman

रामम् (rāmam) - to Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance, saying

Derived from verb root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्थज्ञः (arthajñaḥ) - knowing what is proper or the true purpose of things (knowing the meaning, knowing the purpose, knowing what is proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthajña

arthajña - knowing the meaning, knowing the purpose, sagacious

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+jña)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -jña from √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies plavaṅgamaḥ (the monkey)

वरम् (varam) - the best, referring to Rama (best, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

Note: Qualifies Rama

सर्वधनुष्मताम् (sarvadhanuṣmatām) - of all bow-wielders

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadhanuṣmat

sarvadhanuṣmat - possessing all bows; of all archers/bow-wielders

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or tatpuruṣa (sarva+dhanuṣmat)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• dhanuṣmat – armed with a bow, archer, bow-wielder
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from dhanus (bow) + matup suffix (possessive)

Note: Qualifies Rama, describing him as the best among them