वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-8, verse-10

निःश्वसन्तं यथा नागं रावणं वानरोत्तमः ।
आसाद्य परमोद्विग्नः सो ऽपासर्पत् सुभीतवत् ॥१०॥

10. niḥśvasantaṃ yathā nāgaṃ rāvaṇaṃ vānarottamaḥ ,
āsādya paramodvignaḥ so'pāsarpat subhītavat.

10. niḥśvasantam yathā nāgam rāvaṇam vānarottamaḥ
āsādya parama udvignaḥ saḥ apāsārpat subhītavat

10. vānarottamaḥ niḥśvasantam yathā nāgam rāvaṇam
āsādya parama udvignaḥ saḥ subhītavat apāsārpat

10. Having approached Rāvaṇa, who was exhaling like a serpent, the best of monkeys (Hanuman) became exceedingly agitated and retreated as if greatly frightened.

Words meanings summery:

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - hissing (like a serpent) (exhaling, breathing out, hissing)

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, just as

• नागम् (nāgam) - a serpent (snake, serpent, elephant)

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa

• वानरोत्तमः (vānarottamaḥ) - the best of monkeys (Hanuman) (best of monkeys)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having reached

• परम (parama) - exceedingly (highest, utmost, excellent)

• उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - agitated (due to fear or concern) (agitated, distressed, fearful)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

• अपासार्पत् (apāsārpat) - moved away, retreated, slipped away

• सुभीतवत् (subhītavat) - like one greatly frightened, as if very afraid

Words meanings and morphology

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - hissing (like a serpent) (exhaling, breathing out, hissing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - exhaling, breathing out, sighing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle from niḥ-√śvas (to exhale, breathe out)

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'rāvaṇam'.

यथा (yathā) - as, like, just as

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

नागम् (nāgam) - a serpent (snake, serpent, elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant; a mountain, a lead

Note: Object of comparison with Rāvaṇa.

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, the king of Lanka)

Note: Object of 'āsādya' (implicitly, as it describes the state of Rāvaṇa when approached).

वानरोत्तमः (vānarottamaḥ) - the best of monkeys (Hanuman) (best of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānarottama

vānarottama - best of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+uttama)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of ā-√sad (to approach, reach)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'apāsārpat'.

परम (parama) - exceedingly (highest, utmost, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - highest, utmost, supreme, best, exceedingly

Note: Forms a compound with 'udvignaḥ'.

उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - agitated (due to fear or concern) (agitated, distressed, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, disturbed, distressed, anxious, fearful

Past Passive Participle

PPP from ud-√vij (to tremble, be agitated)

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Hanuman).

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanuman.

अपासार्पत् (apāsārpat) - moved away, retreated, slipped away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apāsārpat

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense 3rd person singular active of apa-√sṛp (to creep away, glide away)

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सुभीतवत् (subhītavat) - like one greatly frightened, as if very afraid

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat indicating 'like, as if'

Note: Adverbial modifier.

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