वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-25, verse-20

कण्ठे बद्ध्वा दशग्रीवं प्रमदा रक्तवासिनी ।
काली कर्दमलिप्ताङ्गी दिशं याम्यां प्रकर्षति ॥२०॥

20. kaṇṭhe baddhvā daśagrīvaṃ pramadā raktavāsinī ,
kālī kardamaliptāṅgī diśaṃ yāmyāṃ prakarṣati.

20. kaṇṭhe baddhvā daśagrīvam pramadā raktavāsinī
kālī kardamaliptāṅgī diśam yāmyām prakarṣati

20. pramadā raktavāsinī kālī kardamaliptāṅgī
daśagrīvam kaṇṭhe baddhvā yāmyām diśam prakarṣati

20. A passionate woman, wearing red garments, dark-skinned, and with limbs smeared with mud, having bound Daśagrīva by the neck, drags him towards the southern direction.

Words meanings summery:

• कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - by the neck (implies a binding action) (in/on the neck)

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, tied

• दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, the ten-necked demon) (Daśagrīva)

• प्रमदा (pramadā) - a passionate/intoxicated woman, a lovely woman

• रक्तवासिनी (raktavāsinī) - wearing red garments

• काली (kālī) - dark-skinned (as an adjective describing the woman) (dark-skinned, black, Kālī (goddess))

• कर्दमलिप्ताङ्गी (kardamaliptāṅgī) - with limbs smeared with mud

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter (accusative)

• याम्याम् (yāmyām) - southern (direction of Yama, god of death) (southern, relating to Yama (feminine, accusative))

• प्रकर्षति (prakarṣati) - she drags, pulls forward

Words meanings and morphology

कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - by the neck (implies a binding action) (in/on the neck)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaṇṭha

kaṇṭha - neck, throat

Note: Locative case used to indicate the location of binding.

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, tied

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root bandh (to bind).

Root: bandh (class 9)

दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, the ten-necked demon) (Daśagrīva)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked, Daśagrīva (a name of Rāvaṇa)

Compound: 'daśa' (ten) + 'grīva' (neck). Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one who has ten necks'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

प्रमदा (pramadā) - a passionate/intoxicated woman, a lovely woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pramadā

pramadā - a young woman, a passionate woman, an intoxicated woman

From root mad (to be intoxicated/rejoice) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prakarṣati'.

रक्तवासिनी (raktavāsinī) - wearing red garments

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of raktavāsinī

raktavāsinī - wearing red garments (feminine)

Compound: 'rakta' (red) + 'vāsinī' (wearing). Feminine form of raktavāsin. Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one who wears red garments'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rakta+vāsin)

• rakta – red, colored
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rañj (to color, dye)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• vāsin – wearing, dwelling, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vas (to wear, to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Describes 'pramadā'.

काली (kālī) - dark-skinned (as an adjective describing the woman) (dark-skinned, black, Kālī (goddess))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kālī

kālī - dark, black, Kālī (goddess), a black woman

Feminine form of kāla (black, dark).

Note: Describes 'pramadā'.

कर्दमलिप्ताङ्गी (kardamaliptāṅgī) - with limbs smeared with mud

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kardamaliptāṅgī

kardamaliptāṅgī - one whose limbs are smeared with mud (feminine)

Compound: 'kardama' (mud) + 'lipta' (smeared, from lip) + 'aṅga' (limb). Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose limbs are smeared with mud'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kardama+lipta+aṅga)

• kardama – mud, mire
  noun (masculine)
• lipta – smeared, anointed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root lip (to smear)
  Root: lip (class 6)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'pramadā'.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, point of the compass

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of motion with 'prakarṣati'.

याम्याम् (yāmyām) - southern (direction of Yama, god of death) (southern, relating to Yama (feminine, accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yāmyā

yāmyā - southern, belonging to Yama, relating to Yama (feminine form of yāmya)

Derived from Yama.

Note: Modifies 'diśam'.

प्रकर्षति (prakarṣati) - she drags, pulls forward

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prakarṣ

Present Active Indicative

From root kṛṣ (to drag, pull) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

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