वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-25, verse-19

रथेन खरयुक्तेन रक्तमाल्यानुलेपनः ।
प्रयातो दक्षिणामाशां प्रविष्टः कर्दमं ह्रदम् ॥१९॥

19. rathena kharayuktena raktamālyānulepanaḥ ,
prayāto dakṣiṇāmāśāṃ praviṣṭaḥ kardamaṃ hradam.

19. rathena kharayuktena raktamālyānulepanaḥ
prayātaḥ dakṣiṇām āśām praviṣṭaḥ kardamam hradam

19. kharayuktena rathena raktamālyānulepanaḥ
dakṣiṇām āśām prayātaḥ kardamam hradam praviṣṭaḥ

19. He departed towards the southern direction in a chariot yoked with donkeys, smeared with red garlands and unguents, and entered a muddy lake.

Words meanings summery:

• रथेन (rathena) - by a chariot

• खरयुक्तेन (kharayuktena) - by one yoked with donkeys, by a donkey-yoked (chariot)

• रक्तमाल्यानुलेपनः (raktamālyānulepanaḥ) - smeared with red garlands and unguents

• प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - departed, gone forth

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (feminine, accusative)

• आशाम् (āśām) - direction, quarter

• प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, gone into

• कर्दमम् (kardamam) - mud, dirt (accusative)

• ह्रदम् (hradam) - lake, deep pool (accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

रथेन (rathena) - by a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

खरयुक्तेन (kharayuktena) - by one yoked with donkeys, by a donkey-yoked (chariot)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kharayukta

kharayukta - yoked with donkeys

Compound: 'khara' (donkey) + 'yukta' (yoked).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khara+yukta)

• khara – donkey, ass
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – yoked, joined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to yoke, join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'rathena'.

रक्तमाल्यानुलेपनः (raktamālyānulepanaḥ) - smeared with red garlands and unguents

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raktamālyānulepana

raktamālyānulepana - one who is smeared with red garlands and unguents

Compound: 'rakta' (red) + 'mālya' (garland) + 'anulepana' (unguents, smearing). Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one who has red garlands and unguents applied'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rakta+mālya+anulepana)

• rakta – red, colored, dyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rañj (to color, dye)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• mālya – garland, wreath
  noun (neuter)
• anulepana – smearing, unguent, ointment
  noun (neuter)
  From root lip (to smear) with prefix anu-.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: lip (class 6)

Note: Describes Rāvaṇa (implied subject).

प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

From root yā (to go) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb 'has departed'. Describes Rāvaṇa.

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern (feminine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - southern, right, skillful, honest (feminine form of dakṣiṇa)

Note: Modifies 'āśām'.

आशाम् (āśām) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - direction, quarter, hope

Note: Object of motion with 'prayātaḥ'.

प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, gone into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone in, penetrated

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb 'has entered'. Describes Rāvaṇa.

कर्दमम् (kardamam) - mud, dirt (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kardama

kardama - mud, mire, dirt

Note: Modifies 'hradam'.

ह्रदम् (hradam) - lake, deep pool (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pond, deep pool

Note: Object of 'praviṣṭaḥ'.

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