वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-25, verse-16

ततस्ताभ्यां कुमाराभ्यामास्थितः स गजोत्तमः ।
सीतया च विशालाक्ष्या लङ्काया उपरि स्थितः ॥१६॥

16. tatastābhyāṃ kumārābhyāmāsthitaḥ sa gajottamaḥ ,
sītayā ca viśālākṣyā laṅkāyā upari sthitaḥ.

16. tatas tābhyām kumārābhyām āsthitaḥ saḥ gajottamaḥ
sītayā ca viśālākṣyā laṅkāyāḥ upari sthitaḥ

16. tatas saḥ gajottamaḥ tābhyām kumārābhyām ca
viśālākṣyā sītayā āsthitaḥ laṅkāyāḥ upari sthitaḥ

16. Then, that excellent elephant, mounted by those two princes and the wide-eyed Sītā, was situated above Laṅkā.

Words meanings summery:

• ततस् (tatas) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - by those two (princes) (by those two, for those two)

• कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārābhyām) - by those two princes (by the two princes/youths)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - was mounted (by) (mounted, occupied, resorted to)

• सः (saḥ) - that (elephant) (he, that)

• गजोत्तमः (gajottamaḥ) - that excellent elephant (best of elephants, excellent elephant)

• सीतया (sītayā) - by Sītā

• च (ca) - and

• विशालाक्ष्या (viśālākṣyā) - by the wide-eyed (Sītā) (by the wide-eyed one (feminine))

• लङ्कायाः (laṅkāyāḥ) - of Laṅkā

• उपरि (upari) - above (above, over, on top)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - was situated (situated, standing, placed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततस् (tatas) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

A pronominal adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - by those two (princes) (by those two, for those two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the two princes, co-agent of 'āsthitaḥ'.

कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārābhyām) - by those two princes (by the two princes/youths)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

Note: Co-agent of 'āsthitaḥ'.

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - was mounted (by) (mounted, occupied, resorted to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - mounted, occupied, resorted to, performed

past passive participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb here.

सः (saḥ) - that (elephant) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'āsthitaḥ' and 'sthitaḥ'.

गजोत्तमः (gajottamaḥ) - that excellent elephant (best of elephants, excellent elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gajottama

gajottama - best of elephants, excellent elephant

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'uttama' (best) of 'gaja' (elephant).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gaja+uttama)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaj
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from 'ut' (up).
  Prefix: ut

सीतया (sītayā) - by Sītā

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā, furrow

Note: Co-agent of 'āsthitaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशालाक्ष्या (viśālākṣyā) - by the wide-eyed (Sītā) (by the wide-eyed one (feminine))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of viśālākṣī

viśālākṣī - wide-eyed, large-eyed

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'whose eyes are wide'. Feminine form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśāla+akṣi)

• viśāla – wide, broad, extensive, great
  adjective
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

लङ्कायाः (laṅkāyāḥ) - of Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (city of Rāvaṇa)

Note: Determines the location relative to 'upari'.

उपरि (upari) - above (above, over, on top)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a postposition with the genitive.

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - was situated (situated, standing, placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, existing, placed

past passive participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) + kta suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the location of the elephant.

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