वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-25, verse-18

विमानात् पुष्पकादद्य रावणः पतितो भुवि ।
कृष्यपाणः स्त्रिया दृष्टो मुण्डः कृष्णाम्बरः पुनः ॥१८॥

18. vimānāt puṣpakādadya rāvaṇaḥ patito bhuvi ,
kṛṣyapāṇaḥ striyā dṛṣṭo muṇḍaḥ kṛṣṇāmbaraḥ punaḥ.

18. vimānāt puṣpakāt adya rāvaṇaḥ patitaḥ bhuvi
kṛṣyapāṇaḥ striyā dṛṣṭaḥ muṇḍaḥ kṛṣṇāmbaraḥ punaḥ

18. adya rāvaṇaḥ puṣpakāt vimānāt bhuvi patitaḥ
punaḥ striyā dṛṣṭaḥ kṛṣyapāṇaḥ muṇḍaḥ kṛṣṇāmbaraḥ

18. Today, Rāvaṇa has fallen to the earth from the Puṣpaka aircraft. He was seen by a woman, being dragged by the hand, shaven-headed, and wearing black garments.

Words meanings summery:

• विमानात् (vimānāt) - from the aircraft/celestial car

• पुष्पकात् (puṣpakāt) - from the Puṣpaka (Rāvaṇa's celestial aircraft) (from Puṣpaka)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, dropped

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, in the world

• कृष्यपाणः (kṛṣyapāṇaḥ) - dragged by the hand

• स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen

• मुण्डः (muṇḍaḥ) - shaven-headed, bald

• कृष्णाम्बरः (kṛṣṇāmbaraḥ) - wearing black garments

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

Words meanings and morphology

विमानात् (vimānāt) - from the aircraft/celestial car

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vimāna

vimāna - aircraft, celestial car, temple tower

From vi-mā (to measure, traverse).

Prefix: vi

Root: mā (class 2)

पुष्पकात् (puṣpakāt) - from the Puṣpaka (Rāvaṇa's celestial aircraft) (from Puṣpaka)

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of puṣpaka

puṣpaka - Puṣpaka (name of a celestial aircraft, originally Kubera's, then Rāvaṇa's)

Note: In apposition with 'vimānāt'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, the king of Laṅkā)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, dropped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb 'has fallen'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

कृष्यपाणः (kṛṣyapāṇaḥ) - dragged by the hand

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣyapāṇa

kṛṣyapāṇa - one whose hand is being dragged, dragged by the hand

Compound: 'kṛṣya' (to be dragged, gerundive from kṛṣ) + 'pāṇa' (hand). Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one who has his hand dragged'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛṣya+pāṇa)

• kṛṣya – to be dragged, dragged
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle
  From root kṛṣ (to drag, pull)
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• pāṇa – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Rāvaṇa.

स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Agent of 'dṛṣṭaḥ'.

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate, meaning 'was seen'. Describes Rāvaṇa.

मुण्डः (muṇḍaḥ) - shaven-headed, bald

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muṇḍa

muṇḍa - shaven-headed, bald, head

Note: Describes Rāvaṇa.

कृष्णाम्बरः (kṛṣṇāmbaraḥ) - wearing black garments

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇāmbara

kṛṣṇāmbara - wearing black garments, having black clothes

Compound: 'kṛṣṇa' (black) + 'ambara' (garment). Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one who has black garments'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛṣṇa+ambara)

• kṛṣṇa – black, dark, dark-blue
  adjective (masculine)
• ambara – garment, sky
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Rāvaṇa.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the repetition or additional characteristic.

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