वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-50, verse-42

ततस्तु सा चारुदती शुचिस्मिता विनाकृता बन्धुजनेन मैथिली ।
अपश्यती राघवलक्ष्मणाव् उभौ विवर्णवक्त्रा भयभारपीडिता ॥४२॥

42. tatastu sā cārudatī śucismitā vinākṛtā bandhujanena maithilī ,
apaśyatī rāghavalakṣmaṇāv ubhau vivarṇavaktrā bhayabhārapīḍitā.

42. tataḥ tu sā cārudatī śucismitā
vinākṛtā bandhujanena maithilī
apaśyatī rāghavalakṣmaṇau ubhau
vivarṇavaktrā bhayabhārapīḍitā

42. tataḥ tu sā cārudatī śucismitā
bandhujanena vinākṛtā ubhau
rāghavalakṣmaṇau apaśyatī vivarṇavaktrā
bhayabhārapīḍitā maithilī

42. Then, that Maithili (Sita), with her beautiful teeth and pure smile, separated from her family, not seeing both Rama and Lakshmana, became pale-faced and afflicted by the heavy burden of fear.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• सा (sā) - she (she, that (feminine))

• चारुदती (cārudatī) - having beautiful teeth

• शुचिस्मिता (śucismitā) - having a pure smile (having a pure smile, sweetly smiling)

• विनाकृता (vinākṛtā) - separated from (separated, made without, deprived of)

• बन्धुजनेन (bandhujanena) - by her family (by kin, by family members)

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Sita (Maithili (Sita, daughter of Mithila))

• अपश्यती (apaśyatī) - not seeing (not seeing, not looking)

• राघवलक्ष्मणौ (rāghavalakṣmaṇau) - both Rama and Lakshmana (Rama and Lakshmana, the two sons of Raghu)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• विवर्णवक्त्रा (vivarṇavaktrā) - pale-faced (pale-faced, having a discolored face)

• भयभारपीडिता (bhayabhārapīḍitā) - afflicted by the heavy burden of fear (afflicted by the burden of fear)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

सा (sā) - she (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Maithili.

चारुदती (cārudatī) - having beautiful teeth

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cārudatī

cārudatī - having beautiful teeth (feminine form)

Bahuvrīhi compound: cāru (beautiful) + datī (having teeth, from danta).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cāru+danta)

• cāru – beautiful, lovely, charming
  adjective
  Root: car (class 1)
• danta – tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Root ad (to eat).
  Root: ad (class 2)

शुचिस्मिता (śucismitā) - having a pure smile (having a pure smile, sweetly smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śucismitā

śucismitā - having a pure smile, sweetly smiling (feminine form)

Bahuvrīhi compound: śuci (pure) + smita (smile).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śuci+smita)

• śuci – pure, clear, bright
  adjective
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• smita – smile, smiling
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root smi (to smile) + kta.
  Root: smi (class 1)

विनाकृता (vinākṛtā) - separated from (separated, made without, deprived of)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vinākṛtā

vinākṛtā - separated, deprived of (feminine form)

Past Passive Participle

From vinā (without) + kṛta (done/made). A compound formation acting as a participle.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vinā+kṛta)

• vinā – without, except
  indeclinable
  Preposition/adverb.
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

बन्धुजनेन (bandhujanena) - by her family (by kin, by family members)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bandhujana

bandhujana - kin, relatives, family members

Tatpurusha compound: bandhu (relative) + jana (person/people).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bandhu+jana)

• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Root bandh (to bind).
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent of vinākṛtā.

मैथिली (maithilī) - Sita (Maithili (Sita, daughter of Mithila))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Maithili (name of Sita, meaning "daughter of Mithila")

From mithila (the city/kingdom) + ī (feminine patronymic suffix).

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

अपश्यती (apaśyatī) - not seeing (not seeing, not looking)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apaśyatī

apaśyatī - not seeing, not looking (feminine form)

Present Active Participle

From a-paśyat (not seeing), from a (negative prefix) + root dṛś (to see) in present tense paśyati + śatṛ (active participle suffix) + ṅīp (feminine suffix).

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राघवलक्ष्मणौ (rāghavalakṣmaṇau) - both Rama and Lakshmana (Rama and Lakshmana, the two sons of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of rāghavalakṣmaṇa

rāghavalakṣmaṇa - Rama and Lakshmana

Dvandva compound: rāghava (Rama) and lakṣmaṇa (Lakshmana).

Compound type : dvandva (rāghava+lakṣmaṇa)

• rāghava – Rama (descendant of Raghu)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From raghu (ancestor) + aṇ (patronymic suffix).
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana (Rama's brother)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of apaśyatī.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Dual form of 'both'.

विवर्णवक्त्रा (vivarṇavaktrā) - pale-faced (pale-faced, having a discolored face)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vivarṇavaktrā

vivarṇavaktrā - pale-faced, having a discolored face (feminine form)

Bahuvrīhi compound: vivarṇa (discolored/pale) + vaktra (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivarṇa+vaktra)

• vivarṇa – discolored, pale, without color
  adjective
  From vi (without) + varṇa (color).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• vaktra – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

भयभारपीडिता (bhayabhārapīḍitā) - afflicted by the heavy burden of fear (afflicted by the burden of fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhayabhārapīḍitā

bhayabhārapīḍitā - afflicted by the burden of fear (feminine form)

Tatpurusha compound: bhaya (fear) + bhāra (burden) + pīḍitā (afflicted). Can be seen as a Bahuvrīhi of "one who is afflicted by a burden of fear".

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+bhāra+pīḍitā)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• bhāra – burden, load, weight
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhṛ (to bear).
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• pīḍitā – afflicted, distressed, oppressed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pīḍ (to oppress) + kta.
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

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