वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-50, verse-40

विक्रोशन्तीं दृढं सीतां दृष्ट्वा दुःखं तथा गताम् ।
तां तु लक्ष्मण रामेति क्रोशन्तीं मधुरस्वराम् ॥४०॥

40. vikrośantīṃ dṛḍhaṃ sītāṃ dṛṣṭvā duḥkhaṃ tathā gatām ,
tāṃ tu lakṣmaṇa rāmeti krośantīṃ madhurasvarām.

40. vikrośantīm dṛḍham sītām dṛṣṭvā duḥkham tathā gatām
tām tu lakṣmaṇa rāma iti krośantīm madhurasvarām

40. dṛḍham duḥkham tathā gatām lakṣmaṇa rāma
iti madhurasvarām krośantīm tām sītām dṛṣṭvā

40. Seeing Sita, who was firmly crying out, having fallen into such distress, and who was calling out "Lakshmana! Rama!" in a sweet voice, her...

Words meanings summery:

• विक्रोशन्तीम् (vikrośantīm) - screaming loudly (crying out, screaming, wailing)

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - firmly, intensely (firmly, strongly, loudly, severely)

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sita (Sita (name of Rama's wife))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, seeing)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - distress (sorrow, suffering, distress, pain)

• तथा (tathā) - in such a state (thus, so, in that manner)

• गताम् (gatām) - fallen into (gone, attained, reached, fallen into)

• ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine))

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother))

• राम (rāma) - Rama (Rama (name of the protagonist))

• इति (iti) - (indicating quote) (thus, so, indicating a quote or direct speech)

• क्रोशन्तीम् (krośantīm) - crying out (crying out, shouting, wailing)

• मधुरस्वराम् (madhurasvarām) - sweet-voiced

Words meanings and morphology

विक्रोशन्तीम् (vikrośantīm) - screaming loudly (crying out, screaming, wailing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vikrośantī

vikrośantī - crying out, screaming, wailing (feminine form)

Present Active Participle

From vi-kruś (to cry out) + śatṛ (active participle suffix) + ṅīp (feminine suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: kruś (class 1)

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - firmly, intensely (firmly, strongly, loudly, severely)

(indeclinable)

Past passive participle from root dṛh (to be firm), also functions as an adjective.

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'crying out'.

सीताम् (sītām) - Sita (Sita (name of Rama's wife))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (proper noun, name of Janaka's daughter and Rama's wife)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - distress (sorrow, suffering, distress, pain)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, distress, pain

Note: Here functions adverbially, 'into distress' or 'distressed'.

तथा (tathā) - in such a state (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

गताम् (gatām) - fallen into (gone, attained, reached, fallen into)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gatā

gatā - gone, reached, obtained (feminine form)

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta (past passive participle suffix) + ā (feminine suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sītām.

ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Sita.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (proper noun, name of Rama's brother)

राम (rāma) - Rama (Rama (name of the protagonist))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper noun, name of the protagonist of Ramayana)

इति (iti) - (indicating quote) (thus, so, indicating a quote or direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Quotation particle.

क्रोशन्तीम् (krośantīm) - crying out (crying out, shouting, wailing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of krośantī

krośantī - crying out, shouting (feminine form)

Present Active Participle

From root kruś (to cry out) + śatṛ (active participle suffix) + ṅīp (feminine suffix)

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sītām.

मधुरस्वराम् (madhurasvarām) - sweet-voiced

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of madhurasvarā

madhurasvarā - sweet-voiced, having a sweet sound (feminine form)

Bahuvrīhi compound, from madhura (sweet) and svara (voice/sound).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madhura+svara)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective
  Root: car (class 1)
• svara – voice, sound, tone
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sītām.

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