वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-4, verse-36

स पुण्यकर्मा भुवने द्विजर्षभः पितामहं सानुचरं ददर्श ह ।
पितामहश्चापि समीक्ष्य तं द्विजं ननन्द सुस्वागतमित्युवाच ह ॥३६॥

36. sa puṇyakarmā bhuvane dvijarṣabhaḥ pitāmahaṃ sānucaraṃ dadarśa ha ,
pitāmahaścāpi samīkṣya taṃ dvijaṃ nananda susvāgatamityuvāca ha.

36. sa puṇyakarmā bhuvane dvijarṣabhaḥ
pitāmaham sānucaram dadarśa ha
pitāmahaḥ ca api samīkṣya tam dvijam
nananda susvāgatam iti uvāca ha

36. sa puṇyakarmā dvijarṣabhaḥ bhuvane
sānucaram pitāmaham dadarśa ha
ca api pitāmahaḥ tam dvijam samīkṣya
nananda iti susvāgatam uvāca ha

36. That best among the twice-born (dvijarṣabha), whose actions were virtuous, beheld the Grandfather (Brahmā) accompanied by his attendants in that realm. And the Grandfather, seeing that twice-born (dvija), rejoiced and said, 'Welcome!'

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (best of Brahmins) (he, that)

• पुण्यकर्मा (puṇyakarmā) - whose actions were virtuous (having meritorious actions, virtuous)

• भुवने (bhuvane) - in that world (brahmaloka) (in the world, in the realm)

• द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - best among the twice-born (dvijarṣabha) (best of Brahmins, chief of the twice-born)

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the Grandfather (Brahmā) (the grandfather, Brahmā)

• सानुचरम् (sānucaram) - accompanied by his attendants (with attendants, accompanied by followers)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - beheld (saw, beheld)

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily (particle)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the Grandfather (the grandfather, Brahmā)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

• तम् (tam) - that (Brahmin) (him, that)

• द्विजम् (dvijam) - that twice-born (dvija) (Śarabhaṅga) (Brahmin, twice-born)

• ननन्द (nananda) - rejoiced (rejoiced, was delighted)

• सुस्वागतम् (susvāgatam) - “Welcome!” (welcome, well-come)

• इति (iti) - (quote marker for "Welcome!") (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (best of Brahmins) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative masculine singular of 'tad'.

पुण्यकर्मा (puṇyakarmā) - whose actions were virtuous (having meritorious actions, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyakarman

puṇyakarman - having meritorious deeds, virtuous, righteous

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'puṇya' (merit, virtue) + 'karman' (action, deed).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+karman)

• puṇya – meritorious, virtuous, sacred, good deed
  adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'dvijarṣabhaḥ'.

भुवने (bhuvane) - in that world (brahmaloka) (in the world, in the realm)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhuvana

bhuvana - world, realm, existence, being

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - best among the twice-born (dvijarṣabha) (best of Brahmins, chief of the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - best of the twice-born (Brahmins), chief Brahmin

Compound: 'dvija' (twice-born) + 'ṛṣabha' (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Śarabhaṅga.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the Grandfather (Brahmā) (the grandfather, Brahmā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahmā

Note: Direct object of 'dadarśa'.

सानुचरम् (sānucaram) - accompanied by his attendants (with attendants, accompanied by followers)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sānucara

sānucara - accompanied by followers, with attendants

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'anucara' (follower).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anucara)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• anucara – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  From 'anu' (after) + 'cara' (going).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'pitāmaham'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - beheld (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect active 3rd singular of 'dṛś'. Reduplicated form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a past event or emphasizes the statement.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the Grandfather (the grandfather, Brahmā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahmā

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of verb 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (Brahmin) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Accusative masculine singular of 'tad'.

द्विजम् (dvijam) - that twice-born (dvija) (Śarabhaṅga) (Brahmin, twice-born)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)

Note: Refers to Śarabhaṅga. Object of 'samīkṣya'.

ननन्द (nananda) - rejoiced (rejoiced, was delighted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nand

Perfect active 3rd singular of 'nand'. Reduplicated form.

Root: nand (class 1)

सुस्वागतम् (susvāgatam) - “Welcome!” (welcome, well-come)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of susvāgata

susvāgata - well-come, welcome

Compound: 'su' (well) + 'svāgata' (come). 'Svāgata' is a past passive participle of 'ā-gam' with 'su'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+svāgata)

• su – good, well, easily
  indeclinable
• svāgata – welcome, well-come
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of 'ā-gam' (to come near) with 'su'.
  Prefixes: su+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as an interjection, 'Welcome!'. Its case depends on if it's treated as a nominative predicate or an accusative object of an implied verb of saying.

इति (iti) - (quote marker for "Welcome!") (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding text as a direct quote.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular of 'vac'. Reduplicated form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a past event or emphasizes the statement.