वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-4, verse-2

कष्टं वनमिदं दुर्गं न च स्मो वनगोचराः ।
अभिगच्छामहे शीघ्रं शरभङ्गं तपोधनम् ॥२॥

2. kaṣṭaṃ vanamidaṃ durgaṃ na ca smo vanagocarāḥ ,
abhigacchāmahe śīghraṃ śarabhaṅgaṃ tapodhanam.

2. kaṣṭam vanam idam durgam na ca smaḥ vanagocarāḥ
abhigacchāmahe śīghram śarabhaṅgam tapodhanam

2. idam vanam kaṣṭam durgam ca vayam vanagocarāḥ na
smaḥ śīghram śarabhaṅgam tapodhanam abhigacchāmahe

2. This forest is difficult and impassable, and we are not accustomed to dwelling in forests. Therefore, let us quickly approach Sarabhanga, the sage rich in asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - difficult, troublesome (difficult, troublesome, painful)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, here)

• दुर्गम् (durgam) - impassable (difficult to access, impassable, formidable, a fortress)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• स्मः (smaḥ) - we are

• वनगोचराः (vanagocarāḥ) - accustomed to dwelling in forests (forest-dwellers, moving in forests, accustomed to forests)

• अभिगच्छामहे (abhigacchāmahe) - we shall approach (we approach, we go towards)

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• शरभङ्गम् (śarabhaṅgam) - Sarabhanga (Sarabhanga (a sage))

• तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - the sage rich in asceticism (tapas) (one whose wealth is asceticism (tapas), rich in asceticism)

Words meanings and morphology

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - difficult, troublesome (difficult, troublesome, painful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, troublesome, painful, bad, ill

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kaṣ' (to hurt, injure) + 'kta' suffix

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective for 'vanam'

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Subject of the sentence

इदम् (idam) - this (this, here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Modifies 'vanam'

दुर्गम् (durgam) - impassable (difficult to access, impassable, formidable, a fortress)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficult to access, impassable, formidable, a fortress, a difficult path

From 'dur' (bad, difficult) + root 'gam' (to go)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+gam)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty, badness
• gam – to go, move, approach
  verb
  Root verb 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vanam'

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the following clause

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects the two clauses

स्मः (smaḥ) - we are

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, 1st person plural

From root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Implied subject 'vayam'

वनगोचराः (vanagocarāḥ) - accustomed to dwelling in forests (forest-dwellers, moving in forests, accustomed to forests)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanagocara

vanagocara - moving in forests, forest-dweller, an animal of the forest

Compound: 'vana' (forest) + 'gocara' (moving in, frequenting)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – range, scope, field of action, moving in, frequenting
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From 'go' (cow/earth/ray) + 'cara' (moving). Here 'gocara' refers to 'range' or 'moving in'
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicate complement for 'vayam'

अभिगच्छामहे (abhigacchāmahe) - we shall approach (we approach, we go towards)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of abhigam

Present tense, 1st person plural, Atmanepada

From 'abhi' (towards) + root 'gam' (to go)

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implied subject 'vayam'

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of the adjective 'śīghra'

Note: Modifies 'abhigacchāmahe'

शरभङ्गम् (śarabhaṅgam) - Sarabhanga (Sarabhanga (a sage))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śarabhaṅga

śarabhaṅga - Sarabhanga (name of a sage in the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Object of 'abhigacchāmahe'

तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - the sage rich in asceticism (tapas) (one whose wealth is asceticism (tapas), rich in asceticism)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is asceticism, rich in asceticism

Compound: 'tapas' (asceticism) + 'dhana' (wealth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property, treasure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Apposition to 'śarabhaṅgam'