वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-4, verse-19

जितवन्तं कृतार्थं च द्रष्टाहमचिरादिमम् ।
कर्म ह्यनेन कर्तव्यं महदन्यैः सुदुष्करम् ॥१९॥

19. jitavantaṃ kṛtārthaṃ ca draṣṭāhamacirādimam ,
karma hyanena kartavyaṃ mahadanyaiḥ suduṣkaram.

19. jitavantam kṛtārtham ca draṣṭā aham acirāt imam
karma hi anena kartavyam mahat anyaiḥ sudurṣkaram

19. aham acirāt imam jitavantam ca kṛtārtham draṣṭā.
hi anena mahat sudurṣkaram anyaiḥ karma kartavyam

19. Indeed, I shall soon see this one, who is victorious and has achieved his purpose. A great deed, very difficult for others to perform, must be accomplished by him.

Words meanings summery:

• जितवन्तम् (jitavantam) - victorious, having conquered

• कृतार्थम् (kṛtārtham) - successful, having accomplished one's purpose, fulfilled

• च (ca) - and, also

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - I will see (used with 'aham') (seer, one who will see)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अचिरात् (acirāt) - soon, quickly, not long after

• इमम् (imam) - this, him

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work, destiny (karma)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अनेन (anena) - by him (Rāma) (by this (masculine/neuter))

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - must be accomplished (ought to be done, to be performed, suitable for action)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

• सुदुर्ष्करम् (sudurṣkaram) - very difficult to do, very hard to perform

Words meanings and morphology

जितवन्तम् (jitavantam) - victorious, having conquered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jitavat

jitavat - victorious, having conquered, having won

Past Active Participle

From verb root √ji (to conquer, win) + -vat (kṛtvā-vat-arthaka pratyaya), masculine accusative singular.

Root: ji (class 1)

कृतार्थम् (kṛtārtham) - successful, having accomplished one's purpose, fulfilled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtārtha

kṛtārtha - having accomplished one's purpose, successful, fulfilled

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṛta (done) + artha (purpose)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+artha)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - I will see (used with 'aham') (seer, one who will see)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - a seer, observer, one who will see (future participle/agent noun)

Future Active Participle / Agent noun

From √dṛś (to see), nominative singular. Can imply future action when used with pronouns.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: functions here as future tense verb when used with 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

1st person singular pronoun

अचिरात् (acirāt) - soon, quickly, not long after

(indeclinable)

From a-ciram (not long) + -āt (ablative suffix used adverbially)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+cira)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cira – long (time)
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Adverbial use of ablative.

इमम् (imam) - this, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

masculine accusative singular form

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work, destiny (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate, destiny (karma)

From √kṛ (to do, make) + -man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can be accusative singular as well, but nominative fits the passive construction 'kartavyam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

particle of emphasis or causation

अनेन (anena) - by him (Rāma) (by this (masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

masculine/neuter instrumental singular form

Note: Refers to Rāma.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - must be accomplished (ought to be done, to be performed, suitable for action)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, ought to be done, suitable for action

gerundive (future passive participle)

From √kṛ (to do, make) + -tavya suffix, neuter nominative singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe 'karma'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Neuter nominative singular, from root √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

masculine instrumental plural form

Note: Agent in a passive construction ('kartavyam').

सुदुर्ष्करम् (sudurṣkaram) - very difficult to do, very hard to perform

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurṣkara

sudurṣkara - very difficult to do, very hard to perform, impracticable

Compound: su- (very) + dur- (difficult) + -kara (doing). Neuter nominative singular.

Compound type : prādi tatpuruṣa (su+dus+kara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• kara – making, doing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From √kṛ (to do, make) + -a suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)