वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-29, verse-16

एवमुक्त्वा ततो रामं संरुध्य भृकुटिं ततः ।
स ददर्श महासालमविदूरे निशाचरः ॥१६॥

16. evamuktvā tato rāmaṃ saṃrudhya bhṛkuṭiṃ tataḥ ,
sa dadarśa mahāsālamavidūre niśācaraḥ.

16. evam uktvā tataḥ rāmam saṃrudhya bhṛkuṭim
tataḥ saḥ dadarśa mahāsālam avidūre niśācaraḥ

16. niśācaraḥ evam rāmam uktvā tataḥ bhṛkuṭim
saṃrudhya tataḥ saḥ avidūre mahāsālam dadarśa

16. After speaking thus to Rāma and then furrowing his brow, that night-roaming demon (nishaacara) saw a great śāla tree not far away.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having spoken, after speaking)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (thence, then, afterwards)

• रामम् (rāmam) - to Rāma

• संरुध्य (saṁrudhya) - having furrowed (his brows), having contracted (having restrained, having controlled, having contracted)

• भृकुटिम् (bhṛkuṭim) - his brow (implied: to frown) (eyebrow, frown, wrinkling of the brow)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, afterwards)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he (masculine))

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• महासालम् (mahāsālam) - a great śāla tree

• अविदूरे (avidūre) - not far away, nearby (not far off, nearby)

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-roaming demon (nishaacara) (night-walker, night-rover, demon, rākṣasa)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies uktvā.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having spoken, after speaking)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root vac. The root undergoes samprasarana (va → u) in this form.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (thence, then, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad.

रामम् (rāmam) - to Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, son of Daśaratha, avatar of Viṣṇu)

Note: Object of the implicit verb of speaking.

संरुध्य (saṁrudhya) - having furrowed (his brows), having contracted (having restrained, having controlled, having contracted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix sam and suffix -ya for absolutive. sam-rudh means to contract, restrain.

Prefix: sam

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

भृकुटिम् (bhṛkuṭim) - his brow (implied: to frown) (eyebrow, frown, wrinkling of the brow)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhṛkuṭi

bhṛkuṭi - eyebrow, frown, wrinkling of the brow

From root bhṛ (to bear) and kuṭi (crookedness).

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad.

सः (saḥ) - he (he (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

The stem for the demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of dadarśa.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect (liṭ) form of root dṛś. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महासालम् (mahāsālam) - a great śāla tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsāla

mahāsāla - a great śāla tree, large house

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + sāla (śāla tree).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+sāla)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form for 'great'.
• sāla – śāla tree (Shorea robusta), house
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dadarśa.

अविदूरे (avidūre) - not far away, nearby (not far off, nearby)

(indeclinable)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound with negative prefix a + vidūra (far).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidūra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidūra – very far, distant
  adjective
  Compound of vi- + dūra (far).
  Prefix: vi

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-roaming demon (nishaacara) (night-walker, night-rover, demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-walker, demon, rākṣasa, owl

Upapada compound: niśā (night) + cara (walker, moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, walking, going, a walker
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root car (to move, walk).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of dadarśa.