वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-29, verse-14

दृढं खल्ववलिप्तो ऽसि भयेष्वपि च निर्भयः ।
वाच्यावाच्यं ततो हि त्वं मृत्युवश्यो न बुध्यसे ॥१४॥

14. dṛḍhaṃ khalvavalipto'si bhayeṣvapi ca nirbhayaḥ ,
vācyāvācyaṃ tato hi tvaṃ mṛtyuvaśyo na budhyase.

14. dṛḍham khalu avaliptaḥ asi bhayeṣu api ca nirbhayaḥ
vācyāvācyaṃ tataḥ hi tvam mṛtyuvaśyaḥ na budhyase

14. tvam dṛḍham khalu avaliptaḥ asi ca bhayeṣu api
nirbhayaḥ tataḥ hi mṛtyuvaśyaḥ vācyāvācyaṃ na budhyase

14. You are indeed exceedingly arrogant, and fearless even in the face of dangers. Hence, being under the control of death, you do not comprehend what is proper to say and what is not.

Words meanings summery:

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - exceedingly (firmly, strongly, exceedingly)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

• अवलिप्तः (avaliptaḥ) - arrogant, proud (smeared, anointed, arrogant, proud)

• असि (asi) - you are

• भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in dangers (in dangers, in fears)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• च (ca) - and

• निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) - fearless (fearless, intrepid)

• वाच्यावाच्यं (vācyāvācyaṁ) - what is proper to say and what is not (what should be said and what should not be said, proper and improper speech)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, hence (thence, then, therefore, from that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because, assuredly)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (singular))

• मृत्युवश्यः (mṛtyuvaśyaḥ) - under the sway of death (under the control of death, subject to death)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you comprehend, you discern (you know, you understand, you discern)

Words meanings and morphology

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - exceedingly (firmly, strongly, exceedingly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛh (to be firm, strong).

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter singular accusative.

खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

अवलिप्तः (avaliptaḥ) - arrogant, proud (smeared, anointed, arrogant, proud)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avalipta

avalipta - smeared, anointed, proud, arrogant

Past Passive Participle

From root lip (to smear, anoint) with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: lip (class 6)

Note: Predicative use with asi.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Conjugation of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in dangers (in dangers, in fears)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger, peril

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) - fearless (fearless, intrepid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirbhaya

nirbhaya - fearless, intrepid, safe

Compound formed with nir (without) and bhaya (fear).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+bhaya)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Refers to 'you'.

वाच्यावाच्यं (vācyāvācyaṁ) - what is proper to say and what is not (what should be said and what should not be said, proper and improper speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vācyāvācya

vācyāvācya - what is proper/improper to say, things to be spoken and not spoken

Dvandva compound of vācya and avācya.

Compound type : dvandva (vācya+avācya)

• vācya – to be spoken, proper to be said, blamable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya.
  Root: vac (class 2)
• avācya – not to be spoken, improper to be said, unutterable
  adjective
  Gerundive (negative)
  Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + vācya (to be spoken).
  Prefix: a
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of budhyase.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, hence (thence, then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because, assuredly)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

The stem for second person pronoun.

मृत्युवश्यः (mṛtyuvaśyaḥ) - under the sway of death (under the control of death, subject to death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyuvaśya

mṛtyuvaśya - subject to death, under the control of death

Tatpuruṣa compound: mṛtyu (death) + vaśya (to be controlled).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+vaśya)

• mṛtyu – death, mortality
  noun (masculine)
  From root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• vaśya – to be subdued, obedient, controllable, subject to
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root vaś (to wish, control).
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Predicative use, describing tvam.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you comprehend, you discern (you know, you understand, you discern)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

From root budh (to know, awaken). Conjugated in the 4th class (budhya-stem) Middle voice.

Root: budh (class 4)