वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-13, verse-12

अन्नं हि विधिवत् स्वादु प्रशंसन्ति द्विजर्षभाः ।
अहो तृप्ताः स्म भद्रं ते इति शुश्राव राघवः ॥१२॥

12. annaṃ hi vidhivat svādu praśaṃsanti dvijarṣabhāḥ ,
aho tṛptāḥ sma bhadraṃ te iti śuśrāva rāghavaḥ.

12. annam hi vidhivat svādu praśaṃsanti dvijarṣabhāḥ
aho tṛptāḥ sma bhadram te iti śuśrāva rāghavaḥ

12. dvijarṣabhāḥ hi annam vidhivat svādu (iti) praśaṃsanti.
rāghavaḥ "aho tṛptāḥ sma,
te bhadram" iti śuśrāva.

12. Indeed, the foremost of the twice-born (dvija) praised the food, saying it was delicious and properly prepared according to the rules. Rāghava heard them exclaim, 'Oh, we are satisfied! May there be well-being for you!'

Words meanings summery:

• अन्नम् (annam) - food

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

• स्वादु (svādu) - delicious, tasty, sweet

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, extol

• द्विजर्षभाः (dvijarṣabhāḥ) - foremost of the twice-born, excellent Brahmins

• अहो (aho) - oh!, alas! (exclamation)

• तृप्ताः (tṛptāḥ) - satisfied, contented

• स्म (sma) - we are (indeed) satisfied (an enclitic particle, used with present tense to indicate past action or emphatic statement)

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - welfare, good fortune, well-being

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he heard

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (Rāghava (a descendant of Raghu, referring to Rama))

Words meanings and morphology

अन्नम् (annam) - food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, rice

Root: ad (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

(indeclinable)

Formed from vidhi (rule, precept) with the suffix -vat (like, according to).

स्वादु (svādu) - delicious, tasty, sweet

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svādu

svādu - delicious, tasty, sweet, pleasant

Note: Agrees with annam.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, extol

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of praśaṃs

Present Tense

3rd person, plural, active voice, present tense

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

द्विजर्षभाः (dvijarṣabhāḥ) - foremost of the twice-born, excellent Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - foremost of the twice-born, chief Brahmin

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (e.g., Brahmin), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

अहो (aho) - oh!, alas! (exclamation)

(indeclinable)

तृप्ताः (tṛptāḥ) - satisfied, contented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tṛpta

tṛpta - satisfied, contented, satiated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √tṛp (to be satisfied, to be pleased).

Root: tṛp (class 4)

स्म (sma) - we are (indeed) satisfied (an enclitic particle, used with present tense to indicate past action or emphatic statement)

(indeclinable)

भद्रम् (bhadram) - welfare, good fortune, well-being

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, good, fortunate, welfare, well-being

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of 'you'.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śru

Perfect Tense

3rd person, singular, active voice, perfect tense

Root: śru (class 5)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (Rāghava (a descendant of Raghu, referring to Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; an epithet of Rama