मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-28, verse-6
दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो वैश्यस्यापि त्रिधैव सः ।
वाणिज्यं पाशुपाल्यञ्च कृषिश्चैवास्य जीविका ॥६॥
वाणिज्यं पाशुपाल्यञ्च कृषिश्चैवास्य जीविका ॥६॥
6. dānamadhyayanaṃ yajño vaiśyasyāpi tridhaiva saḥ .
vāṇijyaṃ pāśupālyañca kṛṣiścaivāsya jīvikā.
vāṇijyaṃ pāśupālyañca kṛṣiścaivāsya jīvikā.
6.
dānam adhyayanam yajñaḥ vaiśyasya api tridhā eva
saḥ vāṇijyam pāśupālyam ca kṛṣiḥ ca eva asya jīvikā
saḥ vāṇijyam pāśupālyam ca kṛṣiḥ ca eva asya jīvikā
6.
Charity (dāna), Vedic study, and Vedic ritual (yajña) are likewise the three-fold duties (dharma) of a Vaiśya. Commerce, animal husbandry, and agriculture are his means of livelihood.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, donation
- अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - Vedic study (study, learning)
- यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - ritual sacrifice, worship
- वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya
- अपि (api) - likewise (also, even, too)
- त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, three-fold
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just
- सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the three-fold duties mentioned) (he, that)
- वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade, commerce
- पाशुपाल्यम् (pāśupālyam) - cattle rearing, animal husbandry
- च (ca) - and
- कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture, farming
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just
- अस्य (asya) - of the Vaiśya (of him, his)
- जीविका (jīvikā) - livelihood, means of subsistence
Words meanings and morphology
दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, donation
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - gift, donation, charity, giving
Derived from root `dā` (to give) + `ana` suffix.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: One of the three-fold duties.
अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - Vedic study (study, learning)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana
adhyayana - study, learning, reading, especially of the Vedas
From `adhi` + root `i` (to go) + `ana` suffix.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: One of the three-fold duties.
यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - ritual sacrifice, worship
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña
yajña - sacrifice, worship, offering
From root `yaj` (to sacrifice, worship) + `na` suffix.
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: One of the three-fold duties.
वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third social class (Vaiśya), typically merchants, farmers, cattle-rearers
From `viś` (people, settlement) + `ya` suffix.
Note: Indicates possession or relation.
अपि (api) - likewise (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, three-fold
(indeclinable)
From `tri` (three) + `dhā` (suffix indicating manner).
एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the three-fold duties mentioned) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade, commerce
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vāṇijya
vāṇijya - trade, commerce, mercantile business
From `vaṇij` (merchant) + `ya` suffix.
Note: One of the Vaiśya's means of livelihood.
पाशुपाल्यम् (pāśupālyam) - cattle rearing, animal husbandry
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pāśupālya
pāśupālya - cattle rearing, animal husbandry, tending animals
From `paśu` (animal) + `pāla` (protector) + `ya` (abstract noun suffix).
Note: One of the Vaiśya's means of livelihood.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture, farming
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi
kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming
From root `kṛṣ` (to plow, cultivate) + `i` suffix.
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: One of the Vaiśya's means of livelihood.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just
(indeclinable)
अस्य (asya) - of the Vaiśya (of him, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one, he, she, it
जीविका (jīvikā) - livelihood, means of subsistence
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jīvikā
jīvikā - livelihood, subsistence, profession, means of living
From root `jīv` (to live) + `ika` suffix.
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative with an implied 'are'.