मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-28, verse-16
तत्रैव वा गुरोर्गेहे द्विजो निष्ठामवाप्नुयात् ।
गुरोरभावे तत्पुत्रे तच्छिष्ये तत्सुतं विना ॥१६॥
गुरोरभावे तत्पुत्रे तच्छिष्ये तत्सुतं विना ॥१६॥
16. tatraiva vā gurorgehe dvijo niṣṭhāmavāpnuyāt .
gurorabhāve tatputre tacchiṣye tatsutaṃ vinā.
gurorabhāve tatputre tacchiṣye tatsutaṃ vinā.
16.
tatra eva vā guroḥ gehe dvijaḥ niṣṭhām avāpnuyāt
guroḥ abhāve tatputre tatśiṣye tatsutam vinā
guroḥ abhāve tatputre tatśiṣye tatsutam vinā
16.
A twice-born (dvija) should attain a firm foundation (niṣṭhā) or complete his studies right there, in the house of his teacher (guru). In the absence of the teacher (guru), one should serve his (the guru's) son, or his (the guru's) disciple, but not the disciple's son.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तत्र (tatra) - in the teacher's house (there, in that place)
- एव (eva) - right there, in that very place (only, certainly, indeed)
- वा (vā) - or
- गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher
- गेहे (gehe) - in the house
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a student, generally referring to a Brahmin student (a twice-born person (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))
- निष्ठाम् (niṣṭhām) - a firm foundation (in studies/discipline) or completion of studies (niṣṭhā) (firmness, steadfastness, completion, conclusion)
- अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - should obtain, should attain, should reach
- गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher
- अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence, in the non-existence
- तत्पुत्रे (tatputre) - in the guru's son (as a substitute for the guru) (in his son, in her son)
- तत्शिष्ये (tatśiṣye) - in the guru's disciple (as a substitute for the guru) (in his disciple)
- तत्सुतम् (tatsutam) - the disciple's son (not to be served as guru) (his son, her son)
- विना (vinā) - without, except for
Words meanings and morphology
तत्र (tatra) - in the teacher's house (there, in that place)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - right there, in that very place (only, certainly, indeed)
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy
गेहे (gehe) - in the house
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of geha
geha - house, dwelling, abode
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a student, generally referring to a Brahmin student (a twice-born person (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (referring to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after initiation), a bird, a tooth, a snake
Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'ja' (born). Refers to the second birth through initiation (upanayana).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced, caused by
adjective
Agent noun/adjective from root 'jan'
From root 'jan' (to be born, produced) with suffix '-a'.
Root: jan (class 4)
निष्ठाम् (niṣṭhām) - a firm foundation (in studies/discipline) or completion of studies (niṣṭhā) (firmness, steadfastness, completion, conclusion)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā
niṣṭhā - firmness, steadfastness, completion, conclusion, skill, devotion
From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: sthā (class 1)
अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - should obtain, should attain, should reach
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of avāpnuyāt
Optative mood, 3rd person singular
From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'ava'.
Prefix: ava
Root: āp (class 5)
गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy
अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence, in the non-existence
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of abhāva
abhāva - absence, non-existence, annihilation, lack
From 'a-' (not) and 'bhāva' (being, existence).
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+bhāva)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - bhāva – being, existence, state, condition, feeling
noun (masculine)
From root 'bhū' (to be).
Root: bhū (class 1)
तत्पुत्रे (tatputre) - in the guru's son (as a substitute for the guru) (in his son, in her son)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of tatputra
tatputra - his son, her son, their son
Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+putra)
- tad – that, his, her, its
pronoun (masculine) - putra – son, child
noun (masculine)
तत्शिष्ये (tatśiṣye) - in the guru's disciple (as a substitute for the guru) (in his disciple)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of tatśiṣya
tatśiṣya - his disciple, her disciple
Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+śiṣya)
- tad – that, his, her, its
pronoun (masculine) - śiṣya – disciple, pupil, student
noun (masculine)
Gerundive/future passive participle from root 'śās'
From root 'śās' (to teach, instruct).
Root: śās (class 2)
तत्सुतम् (tatsutam) - the disciple's son (not to be served as guru) (his son, her son)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tatsuta
tatsuta - his son, her son, their son
Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+suta)
- tad – that, his, her, its
pronoun (masculine) - suta – son, child
noun (masculine)
Past Passive Participle from root 'sū'
From root 'sū' (to bring forth, beget).
Root: sū (class 2)
विना (vinā) - without, except for
(indeclinable)