मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-28, verse-36
तस्माद्राज्ञा प्रयत्नेन सर्वे वर्णाः स्वधर्मतः ।
प्रवर्तन्तोऽन्यथा दण्ड्याः स्थाप्याश्चैव स्वकर्मसु ॥३६॥
प्रवर्तन्तोऽन्यथा दण्ड्याः स्थाप्याश्चैव स्वकर्मसु ॥३६॥
36. tasmādrājñā prayatnena sarve varṇāḥ svadharmataḥ .
pravartanto'nyathā daṇḍyāḥ sthāpyāścaiva svakarmasu.
pravartanto'nyathā daṇḍyāḥ sthāpyāścaiva svakarmasu.
36.
tasmāt rājñā prayatnena sarve varṇāḥ svadharmataḥ
pravartantām anyathā daṇḍyāḥ sthāpyāḥ ca eva svakarmasu
pravartantām anyathā daṇḍyāḥ sthāpyāḥ ca eva svakarmasu
36.
Therefore, the king should diligently ensure that all social classes (varṇas) act according to their own `dharma` (natural law/duty). Otherwise, they must be punished and indeed kept to their proper duties.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
- प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - with effort, diligently
- सर्वे (sarve) - all, every
- वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes, colors
- स्वधर्मतः (svadharmataḥ) - according to one's own `dharma` (duty, natural law)
- प्रवर्तन्ताम् (pravartantām) - let them proceed, let them act, let them be engaged
- अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in another manner
- दण्ड्याः (daṇḍyāḥ) - punishable, to be punished
- स्थाप्याः (sthāpyāḥ) - to be established, to be kept
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, just, only
- स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their own actions, in their own duties
Words meanings and morphology
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason
(indeclinable)
Note: Used adverbially
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - with effort, diligently
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of prayatna
prayatna - effort, exertion, diligence
Prefix: pra
Root: yat (class 1)
सर्वे (sarve) - all, every
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes, colors
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, class, caste, quality
Root: vṛ (class 5)
स्वधर्मतः (svadharmataḥ) - according to one's own `dharma` (duty, natural law)
(indeclinable)
formed with suffix -tas meaning 'from' or 'according to'
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)
- sva – own, self
pronoun - dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
प्रवर्तन्ताम् (pravartantām) - let them proceed, let them act, let them be engaged
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)
अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in another manner
(indeclinable)
दण्ड्याः (daṇḍyāḥ) - punishable, to be punished
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, deserving punishment
gerundive
gerundive formed from root daṇḍ with suffix -ya
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
स्थाप्याः (sthāpyāḥ) - to be established, to be kept
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sthāpya
sthāpya - to be established, to be placed, to be kept
gerundive
gerundive formed from causal root sthāp (of sthā) with suffix -ya
Root: sthā (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, just, only
(indeclinable)
स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their own actions, in their own duties
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of svakarman
svakarman - one's own `karma` (action, duty)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karman)
- sva – own, self
pronoun - karman – action, deed, `karma` (action and its results)
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8)