मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-28, verse-1
जड उवाच ।
तन्मातुर्वचनं श्रुत्वा सोऽलर्को मातरं पुनः ।
पप्रच्छ वर्णधर्मांश्च धर्मा ये चाश्रमेषु च ॥१॥
तन्मातुर्वचनं श्रुत्वा सोऽलर्को मातरं पुनः ।
पप्रच्छ वर्णधर्मांश्च धर्मा ये चाश्रमेषु च ॥१॥
1. jaḍa uvāca .
tanmāturvacanaṃ śrutvā so'larko mātaraṃ punaḥ .
papraccha varṇadharmāṃśca dharmā ye cāśrameṣu ca.
tanmāturvacanaṃ śrutvā so'larko mātaraṃ punaḥ .
papraccha varṇadharmāṃśca dharmā ye cāśrameṣu ca.
1.
jaḍaḥ uvāca | tat mātuḥ vacanam śrutvā saḥ alarkaḥ mātaram
punaḥ | papraccha varṇadharmān ca dharmāḥ ye ca āśrameṣu ca
punaḥ | papraccha varṇadharmān ca dharmāḥ ye ca āśrameṣu ca
1.
Jaḍa said: Having heard his mother's words, Alarka again questioned his mother about the intrinsic nature (dharma) pertaining to the social classes and the intrinsic nature (dharma) that exist within the stages of life (āśrama).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- जडः (jaḍaḥ) - Jaḍa (proper noun)
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
- तत् (tat) - that, his (referring to Alarka's mother's words)
- मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother
- वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying
- श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard
- सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)
- अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - Alarka (proper noun)
- मातरम् (mātaram) - mother (accusative)
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew
- पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked, he questioned
- वर्णधर्मान् (varṇadharmān) - the natural laws (dharma) of social classes
- च (ca) - and
- धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - the natural laws, duties
- ये (ye) - which (masculine plural nominative)
- च (ca) - and
- आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the stages of life
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
जडः (jaḍaḥ) - Jaḍa (proper noun)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jaḍa
jaḍa - dull, inert, foolish, stiff, cold; (as proper noun) Jaḍa (name of a sage)
Note: Subject of `uvāca`.
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect tense
`vac` root, perfect 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplication.
Root: vac (class 2)
तत् (tat) - that, his (referring to Alarka's mother's words)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun, here modifying `vacanam`.
मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ
mātṛ - mother
R-stem noun.
Note: Governs `vacanam`.
वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana
vacana - word, speech, saying, utterance, command
From root `vac` (to speak) + `ana` suffix.
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Object of `śrutvā`.
श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
From root `śru` (to hear) + `ktvā` suffix.
Root: śru (class 5)
सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Refers to Alarka.
अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - Alarka (proper noun)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of alarka
alarka - a kind of mad dog; a mythical king
Note: Subject of `papraccha`.
मातरम् (mātaram) - mother (accusative)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ
mātṛ - mother
R-stem noun.
Note: Direct object of `papraccha`.
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew
(indeclinable)
पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked, he questioned
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach
Perfect tense
`prach` root, perfect 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplication.
Root: prach (class 6)
Note: Subject is `alarkaḥ`.
वर्णधर्मान् (varṇadharmān) - the natural laws (dharma) of social classes
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of varṇadharma
varṇadharma - the natural law (dharma) of social classes (varṇa); the constitution of social orders
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṇa+dharma)
- varṇa – color, class, social order
noun (masculine) - dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Direct object of `papraccha`.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - the natural laws, duties
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature
From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
ये (ye) - which (masculine plural nominative)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which
Relative pronoun.
Note: Subject of implied 'are' or 'exist'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the stages of life
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of āśrama
āśrama - hermitage, monastery, stage of life, order of life
From `ā` + `śram` (to toil, exert oneself).
Prefix: ā
Root: śram (class 4)
Note: Indicates location where `dharma`s exist.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)