मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-28, verse-34
यश्चोल्लङ्घ्य स्वकं धर्मं स्ववर्णाश्रमसंज्ञितम् ।
नरोऽन्यथा प्रवर्तेत स दण्ड्यो भूभृतो भवेत् ॥३४॥
नरोऽन्यथा प्रवर्तेत स दण्ड्यो भूभृतो भवेत् ॥३४॥
34. yaścollaṅghya svakaṃ dharmaṃ svavarṇāśramasaṃjñitam .
naro'nyathā pravarteta sa daṇḍyo bhūbhṛto bhavet.
naro'nyathā pravarteta sa daṇḍyo bhūbhṛto bhavet.
34.
yaḥ ca ullaṅghya svakam dharmam svavarṇāśramasaṃjñitam
naraḥ anyathā pravarteta saḥ daṇḍyaḥ bhūbhṛtaḥ bhavet
naraḥ anyathā pravarteta saḥ daṇḍyaḥ bhūbhṛtaḥ bhavet
34.
And whoever transgresses their own specific duty (dharma), which is designated according to their social class (varṇa) and stage of life (āśrama), and acts contrary to it, that person should be punished by the ruler.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - whoever, which (masculine singular nominative)
- च (ca) - and, also
- उल्लङ्घ्य (ullaṅghya) - having transgressed, having violated, having disregarded
- स्वकम् (svakam) - one's own
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty
- स्ववर्णाश्रमसंज्ञितम् (svavarṇāśramasaṁjñitam) - designated as pertaining to one's own social class and stage of life
- नरः (naraḥ) - a person, a man
- अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently, in another way
- प्रवर्तेत (pravarteta) - would act, should behave
- सः (saḥ) - that (person)
- दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, deserving of punishment
- भूभृतः (bhūbhṛtaḥ) - by the ruler, by the king
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be, may be
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - whoever, which (masculine singular nominative)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
उल्लङ्घ्य (ullaṅghya) - having transgressed, having violated, having disregarded
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Absolutive of root 'laṅgh' (to leap over, to transgress) with prefix 'ud'
Prefix: ud
Root: laṅgh (class 1)
स्वकम् (svakam) - one's own
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svaka
svaka - one's own, self-related
Derived from 'sva' (own) + 'ka' suffix
धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, essential quality, religion
Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
स्ववर्णाश्रमसंज्ञितम् (svavarṇāśramasaṁjñitam) - designated as pertaining to one's own social class and stage of life
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svavarṇāśramasaṃjñita
svavarṇāśramasaṁjñita - designated or named according to one's own social class and stage of life
Past Passive Participle (final part)
Bahuvrīhi compound: 'sva' (own) + 'varṇāśrama' (social class and stage of life) + 'saṃjñita' (designated)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+varṇāśrama+saṃjñita)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun/adjective (masculine) - varṇāśrama – social class and stage of life (collectively)
noun (masculine)
Dvandva compound: 'varṇa' (social class) and 'āśrama' (stage of life) - saṃjñita – designated, named, termed
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle of root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'sam'
Prefix: sam
Root: jñā (class 9)
नरः (naraḥ) - a person, a man
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person, human being
अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently, in another way
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'anya' (other) + suffix '-thā'
प्रवर्तेत (pravarteta) - would act, should behave
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pravṛt
Root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pra'
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)
सः (saḥ) - that (person)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, that one
दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - punishable, deserving of punishment
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, deserving of punishment, to be punished
Gerundive (future passive participle)
Gerundive of root 'daṇḍ' (to punish)
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
भूभृतः (bhūbhṛtaḥ) - by the ruler, by the king
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of bhūbhṛt
bhūbhṛt - king, ruler, mountain (literally 'earth-bearer')
Upapada Tatpuruṣa compound: 'bhū' (earth) + 'bhṛt' (bearing)
Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (bhū+bhṛt)
- bhū – earth, ground, land, existence
noun (feminine) - bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun / Primary Derivative
Derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)