मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-28, verse-3
मदालसोवाच ।
दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो ब्राह्मणस्य त्रिधा मतः ।
नान्यश्चतुर्थो धर्मोऽस्ति धर्मस्तस्यापदं विना ॥३॥
दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो ब्राह्मणस्य त्रिधा मतः ।
नान्यश्चतुर्थो धर्मोऽस्ति धर्मस्तस्यापदं विना ॥३॥
3. madālasovāca .
dānamadhyayanaṃ yajño brāhmaṇasya tridhā mataḥ .
nānyaścaturtho dharmo'sti dharmastasyāpadaṃ vinā.
dānamadhyayanaṃ yajño brāhmaṇasya tridhā mataḥ .
nānyaścaturtho dharmo'sti dharmastasyāpadaṃ vinā.
3.
madālasā uvāca | dānam adhyayanam
yajñaḥ brāhmaṇasya tridhā
mataḥ | na anyaḥ caturthaḥ dharmaḥ
asti dharmaḥ tasya āpadam vinā
yajñaḥ brāhmaṇasya tridhā
mataḥ | na anyaḥ caturthaḥ dharmaḥ
asti dharmaḥ tasya āpadam vinā
3.
madālasā uvāca brāhmaṇasya dānam
adhyayanam yajñaḥ tridhā
mataḥ [dharmaḥ] tasya āpadam vinā
anyaḥ caturthaḥ dharmaḥ na asti
adhyayanam yajñaḥ tridhā
mataḥ [dharmaḥ] tasya āpadam vinā
anyaḥ caturthaḥ dharmaḥ na asti
3.
Madālasā said: 'Giving (dāna), Vedic study, and Vedic ritual (yajña) are considered the threefold duties (dharma) for a Brahmin. There is no other fourth duty (dharma) for him, except in a state of calamity (āpad).'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मदालसा (madālasā) - Madālasā. (Madālasā (a proper name).)
- उवाच (uvāca) - said. (he/she said; spoke.)
- दानम् (dānam) - giving (dāna). (giving; gift; charity.)
- अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - Vedic study. (study; Vedic study; reading.)
- यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual (yajña). (Vedic ritual; offering; worship.)
- ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin.
- त्रिधा (tridhā) - threefold. (in three ways; threefold.)
- मतः (mataḥ) - considered. (considered; thought; opinion; deemed.)
- न (na) - not. (not; no.)
- अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other. (other; another; different.)
- चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - fourth.
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty (dharma). (natural law; duty; righteousness; constitution.)
- अस्ति (asti) - exists. (is; exists.)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - this duty (dharma). (natural law; duty; righteousness; constitution.)
- तस्य (tasya) - for him (the Brahmin). (his; of him; for him.)
- आपदम् (āpadam) - a state of calamity (āpad). (calamity; distress; misfortune.)
- विना (vinā) - except in (a state of). (without; except for.)
Words meanings and morphology
मदालसा (madālasā) - Madālasā. (Madālasā (a proper name).)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of madālasā
madālasā - Name of a legendary princess, known for her wisdom.
उवाच (uvāca) - said. (he/she said; spoke.)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac
perfect active
3rd person singular, parasmaipada, liṭ (perfect tense). Irregular perfect form.
Root: vac (class 2)
दानम् (dānam) - giving (dāna). (giving; gift; charity.)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - giving, gift, donation, charity.
Action noun
From root dā- (to give) with suffix ana.
Root: dā (class 3)
अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - Vedic study. (study; Vedic study; reading.)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana
adhyayana - study, reading, learning, particularly Vedic recitation.
Action noun
From adhi- + i- (to go) with suffix ana.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual (yajña). (Vedic ritual; offering; worship.)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña
yajña - Vedic ritual, offering, worship, sacrifice.
From root yaj- (to worship) with suffix na.
Root: yaj (class 1)
ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin.
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class.
From brahman (Vedic text, sacred knowledge).
त्रिधा (tridhā) - threefold. (in three ways; threefold.)
(indeclinable)
From tri (three) + suffix dhā.
मतः (mataḥ) - considered. (considered; thought; opinion; deemed.)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mata
mata - thought, deemed, considered, agreed upon, opinion.
Past Passive Participle
From root man- (to think, believe).
Root: man (class 4)
न (na) - not. (not; no.)
(indeclinable)
अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other. (other; another; different.)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different, distinct.
Pronominal stem.
चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - fourth.
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of caturtha
caturtha - fourth, the fourth one.
From catur (four) + suffix tha.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty (dharma). (natural law; duty; righteousness; constitution.)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religion, virtue.
From root dhṛ- (to uphold, support) with suffix man.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
अस्ति (asti) - exists. (is; exists.)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as
present active
3rd person singular, parasmaipada, laṭ (present tense).
Root: as (class 2)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - this duty (dharma). (natural law; duty; righteousness; constitution.)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religion, virtue.
From root dhṛ- (to uphold, support) with suffix man.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Refers to the threefold duties previously mentioned.
तस्य (tasya) - for him (the Brahmin). (his; of him; for him.)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, it.
Pronominal stem.
Note: Refers to brāhmaṇasya.
आपदम् (āpadam) - a state of calamity (āpad). (calamity; distress; misfortune.)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad
āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune, adversity, emergency.
From ā- + pad- (to go, fall).
Prefix: ā
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Object of vinā.
विना (vinā) - except in (a state of). (without; except for.)
(indeclinable)
Note: Preposition.