मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-111, verse-30
सखा तस्य नलो मत्तो जगृहे तां च दुर्मतिः ।
पश्यतस्तस्य राज्ञश्च त्रातत्रातेति वादिनीम् ॥३०॥
पश्यतस्तस्य राज्ञश्च त्रातत्रातेति वादिनीम् ॥३०॥
30. sakhā tasya nalo matto jagṛhe tāṃ ca durmatiḥ .
paśyatastasya rājñaśca trātatrāteti vādinīm.
paśyatastasya rājñaśca trātatrāteti vādinīm.
30.
sakhā tasya nalaḥ mattaḥ jagṛhe tām ca durmatiḥ |
paśyataḥ tasya rājñaḥ ca trāta trāta iti vādinīm
paśyataḥ tasya rājñaḥ ca trāta trāta iti vādinīm
30.
His friend, Nala, maddened and evil-minded, seized her while that king was watching, even as she cried out, "Help! Help!"
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion
- तस्य (tasya) - of that king (Nala) (of him, his)
- नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (proper name))
- मत्तः (mattaḥ) - maddened, intoxicated, drunk, excited
- जगृहे (jagṛhe) - he seized, he took, he grasped
- ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)
- च (ca) - and, also
- दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, wicked, foolish
- पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while seeing, of the one seeing, watching
- तस्य (tasya) - of him, his (masculine/neuter)
- राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Nala (of the king)
- च (ca) - and, also
- त्रात (trāta) - Help! (as an exclamation) (save! protect!)
- त्रात (trāta) - Help! (as an exclamation) (save! protect!)
- इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation)
- वादिनीम् (vādinīm) - speaking, crying out (feminine)
Words meanings and morphology
सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi
sakhi - friend, companion
Note: Subject of 'jagṛhe'.
तस्य (tasya) - of that king (Nala) (of him, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, him
Note: Refers to the king (Nala) who is the subject.
नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (proper name))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nala
nala - Nala (name of a king, hero of the Nala-Damayanti story)
Note: Subject of 'jagṛhe'.
मत्तः (mattaḥ) - maddened, intoxicated, drunk, excited
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of matta
matta - maddened, intoxicated, drunk, excited, arrogant
Past Passive Participle
From root 'mad' (to be intoxicated) + '-kta' suffix
Root: mad (class 4)
Note: Modifies 'nalaḥ'.
जगृहे (jagṛhe) - he seized, he took, he grasped
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of grah
Perfect tense, middle voice
Root 'grah', Reduplicated perfect, ātmanepada
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: The agent is 'nalaḥ'.
ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, her
Note: Refers to Pramati's wife.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, wicked, foolish
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati
durmati - evil-minded, wicked, foolish, bad thought
Compound: 'dur' (bad) + 'mati' (mind, thought)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)
- dur – bad, evil, difficult
indeclinable - mati – mind, thought, intellect
noun (feminine)
From root 'man' (to think)
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Modifies 'nalaḥ'.
पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while seeing, of the one seeing, watching
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat
paśyat - seeing, looking, watching
Present Active Participle
From root 'dṛś' (to see), with present stem 'paśya', and '-at' suffix
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'tasya rājñaḥ'.
तस्य (tasya) - of him, his (masculine/neuter)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, him
Note: Refers to the king (Nala).
राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Nala (of the king)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Note: Refers to Nala, who is the king. Hence, 'while that king (Nala) was watching'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
त्रात (trāta) - Help! (as an exclamation) (save! protect!)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of trāta
trāta - saved, protected; a protector, savior
Past Passive Participle
From root 'trā' (to save, protect) + '-kta' suffix
Root: trā (class 2)
Note: Used as an exclamation 'Help!'
त्रात (trāta) - Help! (as an exclamation) (save! protect!)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of trāta
trāta - saved, protected; a protector, savior
Past Passive Participle
From root 'trā' (to save, protect) + '-kta' suffix
Root: trā (class 2)
Note: Used as an exclamation 'Help!'
इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation)
(indeclinable)
Note: Indicates the preceding words are a quotation.
वादिनीम् (vādinīm) - speaking, crying out (feminine)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vādinī
vādinī - speaking, telling, proclaiming, a speaker
Present Active Participle (feminine)
From root 'vad' (to speak) + suffix '-in' + feminine suffix '-ī'
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'tām' (her), indicating she was crying out.