महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-42, verse-4

कस्यचित्त्वथ कालस्य ऋषयः सतपोधनाः ।
तीर्थयात्रां समाजग्मुः सरस्वत्यां महीपते ॥४॥

4. kasyacittvatha kālasya ṛṣayaḥ satapodhanāḥ ,
tīrthayātrāṁ samājagmuḥ sarasvatyāṁ mahīpate.

4. kasyacit tu atha kālasya ṛṣayaḥ satapodhanāḥ
tīrthayātrām samājagmuḥ sarasvatyām mahīpate

4. mahīpate,
atha kasyacit kālasya tu satapodhanāḥ ṛṣayaḥ sarasvatyām tīrthayātrām samājagmuḥ

4. Now, after some time, O king, the sages who possessed great ascetic wealth (tapas) undertook a pilgrimage to the Sarasvatī river.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of someone, of something, of some (indefinite)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of a period

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• सतपोधनाः (satapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is asceticism, rich in ascetic power

• तीर्थयात्राम् (tīrthayātrām) - pilgrimage to a holy place

• समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - they came together, they arrived, they approached

• सरस्वत्याम् (sarasvatyām) - to/at Sarasvatī (river)

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of someone, of something, of some (indefinite)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, some

From kim (interrogative pronoun) + cit (indefinite particle).

Note: Acts as an indefinite adjective modifying 'kālasya'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or conjunctive particle.

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of a new section or event.

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of a period

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

Note: 'kasyacit kālasya' implies 'after some time'.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सतपोधनाः (satapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is asceticism, rich in ascetic power

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satapodhana

satapodhana - having asceticism (tapas) as wealth, rich in ascetic power

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+tapas+dhana)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition.
• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root tap- 'to heat, to perform austerities'.
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'ṛṣayaḥ'.

तीर्थयात्राम् (tīrthayātrām) - pilgrimage to a holy place

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tīrthayātrā

tīrthayātrā - pilgrimage to a holy place, journey to a ford/sacred bathing place

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīrtha+yātrā)

• tīrtha – holy place, sacred ford, sacred bathing place, shrine
  noun (neuter)
• yātrā – journey, procession, pilgrimage
  noun (feminine)
  From root yā- 'to go'.
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'samājagmuḥ'.

समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - they came together, they arrived, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of samājagmu

Perfect Active

From root gam- 'to go' with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms the main verb of the sentence.

सरस्वत्याम् (sarasvatyām) - to/at Sarasvatī (river)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Sarasvatī (name of a sacred river, goddess of knowledge and arts)

Note: Indicates the destination/location of the pilgrimage.

महीपते (mahīpate) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the listener/reader.