महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-42, verse-28

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शृणुष्वैतदुपाख्यानं यथावृत्तं जनेश्वर ।
यथा बिभेद समयं नमुचेर्वासवः पुरा ॥२८॥

28. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śṛṇuṣvaitadupākhyānaṁ yathāvṛttaṁ janeśvara ,
yathā bibheda samayaṁ namucervāsavaḥ purā.

28. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca śṛṇuṣva etat upākhyānam yathāvṛttam
janeśvara yathā bibheda samayam namuceḥ vāsavaḥ purā

28. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca janeśvara yathāvṛttam etat upākhyānam
śṛṇuṣva yathā vāsavaḥ purā namuceḥ samayam bibheda

28. Vaiśampāyana said: "O king (janeśvara), listen to this story (upākhyāna) exactly as it happened: how Indra (Vāsava) formerly broke his agreement (samaya) with Namuci."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - An instruction to the king. (listen, hear)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the story (upākhyāna) being told. (this)

• उपाख्यानम् (upākhyānam) - The story or account of Indra and Namuci. (narrative, story, episode)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it occurred

• जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - Vocative address to Janamejaya. (O king of men, O lord of people)

• यथा (yathā) - Introduces the subordinate clause explaining how the story unfolded. (how, as, in which manner)

• बिभेद (bibheda) - Violated (an agreement). (broke, split, pierced, violated)

• समयम् (samayam) - The specific agreement (samaya) made between Indra and Namuci. (agreement, pledge, appointment, time)

• नमुचेः (namuceḥ) - Referring to the Asura king Namuci. (of Namuci)

• वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - The god Indra. (Indra, descendant of Vasu)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From √vac (class 2, parasmāipada), perfect 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - An instruction to the king. (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Middle

From √śru (class 5, ubhayapadī), imperative 2nd singular middle voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Directed at Janamejaya.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the story (upākhyāna) being told. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative/accusative singular neuter.

Note: Object of 'śṛṇuṣva', qualifying 'upākhyānam'.

उपाख्यानम् (upākhyānam) - The story or account of Indra and Namuci. (narrative, story, episode)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upākhyāna

upākhyāna - a tale, narrative, story (upākhyāna)

From √khyā (class 2, ātmanepada) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇuṣva'.

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it occurred

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable compound 'yathā' + 'vṛtta'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – occurred, happened, course of action
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying the verb 'śṛṇuṣva'.

जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - Vocative address to Janamejaya. (O king of men, O lord of people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Janamejaya.

यथा (yathā) - Introduces the subordinate clause explaining how the story unfolded. (how, as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause of manner.

बिभेद (bibheda) - Violated (an agreement). (broke, split, pierced, violated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhid

Perfect Active

From √bhid (class 7, parasmāipada), perfect 3rd singular.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Main verb of the subordinate clause.

समयम् (samayam) - The specific agreement (samaya) made between Indra and Namuci. (agreement, pledge, appointment, time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, covenant, time, occasion (samaya)

Note: Object of 'bibheda'.

नमुचेः (namuceḥ) - Referring to the Asura king Namuci. (of Namuci)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of namuci

namuci - Namuci (proper name of an asura)

Note: Indicates possession or relation, 'Namuci's agreement' or 'agreement with Namuci'.

वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - The god Indra. (Indra, descendant of Vasu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra, relating to the Vasus

Note: Subject of 'bibheda'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'bibheda'.